基于干涉原理的机床摆动式回转轴位置精度测量

Measurement Method for Non-orthogonal Rotary Axes Positioning Error of Machine Tool Based on Laser Interferometry

摆动式回转轴线的角位置精度是五轴机床的关键精度参数之一,由于机床结构限制,采用传统的测量方法很难实现高效、准确的测量。以雷尼绍的带分度工作台的激光角度干涉仪为研究对象,在分析回转轴转角误差干涉法测量原理的基础上,采用同步控制回转轴及线性轴的运动方式,对其应用到摆动式回转轴角位置精度测量的工作原理及测量过程的关键技术进行了详细探讨,获得了典型摆动式回转轴位置精度测量过程中的运动关系模型。在某车铣复合中心的B轴上进行实验,并分析影响测量精度的主要因素,提出了控制措施的建议。结果表明该方法可作为通用方法,推广至其他同类型的激光角度干涉仪,用于测量多种结构五轴机床的回转轴角位置精度,可大幅度提高测量的便携性和高效性。

Angular positioning accuracy is an important factor for five-axis machine tool.Due to the restriction of the machine tool structure,it’s difficult to measure efficiently and accurately with traditional methods.The Renishaw laser angle interferometer with indexing table was taken as the research object,the measurement principles of angular error was described.Using synchronous controlling the movement of rotary axis and linear axis,the operational principle and key technology of measuring angular error on non-orthogonal rotary axis were explored,the relational model of typical non-orthogonal rotary axes during test was obtained.Experiment on B axis of a milling-turning processing machining center was completed;main factors affecting measurement accuracy were analyzed,then countermeasures were proposed in order to minimize such errors.As a result,this method can be extended to other types of laser angle interferometer as a general method,and can be used on five-axis machine tool with multi-structure,improving the portability and efficiency.