丹参三倍体育性的细胞学分析

Cytological Analysis on Fertility of Triploid Salvia miltiorrhiza

由丹参四倍体和二倍体杂交获得丹参三倍体,三倍体植株高度不育。为探讨其育性的细胞学机制,我们采用细胞学和解剖学的方法,对其花粉母细胞发育过程中的染色体和细胞学表现进行了观测。结果表明,丹参三倍体植株生长正常,在花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中存在落后染色体、染色体不均等分向两极、染色体桥等异常现象,分裂结果产生三分体、微核等,而且花粉粒形态异常,产生畸变,萌发率极低。这些说明,丹参三倍体在生长发育过程中,由于减数分裂过程中染色体数目不平衡,在减数分裂过程中产生各种畸变、异常的染色体和细胞的行为表现,是造成其不育的主要原因。本研究为丹参三倍体育性研究提供理论依据,也为丹参育种生产实践提供指导。

Triploid Salvia, with characters of sterility, was obtained through hybridization of diploid and tetraploid. In order to investigate the cytological mechanisms of its sterility, we observed the chromosome change and cell structure during the development of pollen mother cells. Results showed the triploid plants grew well. Numerous meiotic abnormalities, including lagging chromosomes, asymmetrical separation and chromosome bridges were found during the meiosis process. Micronuclei and triads were observed except tetrads. Moreover, the shape of the pollen was abnormal,and the pollen germination rate was very low. This indicated that the chromosomal and cytological abnormalities in the meiotic process due to chromosome number imbalance may lead to sterility in triploid Salvia. The data could provide experimental supports of fertility of triploid Salvia, and be useful in the breeding of the traditional Chinese medical herb.