不同方式冲刺间歇训练对优秀男子橄榄球运动员运动能力的影响

Effects of Different Modes of Sprint Interval Training on Exercise Performance of Elite Male Rugby Athletes

目的:观察不同方式(上肢vs下肢)冲刺间歇训练(SIT)对优秀橄榄球运动员运动能力的影响。方法:36名中国农业大学男子橄榄球运动员(均为运动健将)随机被分为上肢训练组(UT)、下肢训练组(LT)和常规训练对照组(RC)。RC组进行6周常规训练,UT组和LT组在RC组的基础上分别增加上肢或下肢SIT(20 s全力蹬车后休息2 min,重复4次为1组,共完成2组,组间间歇4 min,2次/周)。于训练前以及末次训练后48 h,采用递增负荷运动实验、6×10 s高强度间歇冲刺实验(IHIS)分别测定不同肢体部位有氧以及间歇冲刺运动能力(所有测试均利用上肢和下肢各完成1次)。结果:训练后,1)UT组和RC组上肢递增负荷实验时的最大有氧功率(MAP)较训练前均显著增加(P<0.05),但UT组比RC组高8.5%(P<0.05);2)仅LT组上肢递增负荷运动实验时的通气阈功率(PVT).和VT/VO2max较训练前显著升高(P<0.05);3)仅LT组下肢完成第5和第6组IHIS实验时的平均功率输出(MPO)较训练前升高(P<0.05);4)仅LT组下肢IHIS后的血乳酸(BLa)较训练前降低(P<0.05);5)上肢间歇冲刺运动能力、下肢有氧运动能力以及身体成分等参数均较训练前无显著性改变(P>0.05)。结论:优秀男子橄榄球运动员在日常训练中融入不同方式SIT能够改善上肢有氧以及下肢间歇冲刺运动能力。

Objective:The study was to investigate the effects of different modes(upper extremity vs.lower extremity)of sprint interval training(SIT)on exercise performance of elite male rugby athletes.Methods:Thirty-six male rugby athletes(grade of master of sports)of China Agricultural University were allocated to upper extremity training(UT),lower extremity training(LT)or routine training control(RC)groups.Subjects in RC group performed daily routine training for 6 weeks,while those in UT and LT groups added upper or lower extremity SIT(consisted of two blocks of 4 sets of 20 s of all out effort cycling interspersed by 2 min set intervals and 4 min between blocks,2 times/week)respectively based on RC group.At pre-training and 48 h post-training,aerobic and interval sprint exercise performance of distinct extremities were determined by graded exercise test and 6×10 s intermittent high-intensity sprint(IHIS)test respectively(performed twice,one for upper extremity and one for lower extremity).Results:At post-training,1)maximal aerobic power(MAP)during upper extremity graded exercise test increased for UT and RC groups(P<0.05)compared with pre-training,while UT group was 8.5%higher than RC group(P<0.05);2)power at ventilatory threshold(PVT)and VT/VO2max increased during upper extremity graded exercise test for LT group(P<0.05)compared with pre-training;3)mean power output(MPO)in the fifth and sixth bouts of lower extremity IHIS test augmented(P<0.05)for LT group(P<0.05)compared with pre-training;4)compared with pre-training,blood lactate(BLa)decreased after lower extremity IHIS test for LT group(P<0.05);5)there was no significant alteration of upper extremity interval sprint exercise performance,lower extremity aerobic performance and body composition(P>0.05)compared with pre-training.Conclusion:Different modes of SIT added to routine training was able to improve upper extremity aerobic and lower extremity sprint exercise performance of elite male rugby athletes.