英国应用LTAD理论框架制订《游泳训练大纲》的措施、争议和启示

The Actions,Arguments and Enlightenments of the UK’s Application of LTAD Theory Framework to Formulate the “Swimming Training Outline”

在系统回顾LTAD理论框架的基础上,从历史的视角分析英国通过体育组织管理架构调整进行休闲体育文化向参与和竞技兼顾型体育文化转型的游泳运动崛起的历史背景、目标、具体措施、解决的主要问题、主要内容和存在的争议等,深入探讨2003版英国《游泳训练大纲》成为各国学习的经典的原因。结合游泳运动在我国体育文化转型背景下面临的问题,梳理出3方面的启示:1)需要补齐顶层设计和连接性政策;2)针对中国游泳发展的瓶颈和国情制订科学的《游泳训练大纲》;3)完善教练教育系统,立足独立自主培养顶尖高水平运动员。

This paper reviews the theoretical framework of LTAD,and analyzes the historical background of the transformation of the UK’s sports culture through the adjustment of sports organization management structure from a historical perspective.The objectives,specific measures,major problems solved,main contents and existing disputes are used to deeply analyze the reason that the 2003 edition of the British“Swimming Training Outline”was learnt and imitated by various countries.Combined with the problems China’s swimming is facing in the context of the transformation of China’s sports culture,the paper proposed three inspirations:First,the top-level design and connectivity policies need to be complemented.Second,a scientific“Swimming Training Outline”for breaking through the bottleneck and fitting national conditions of China’s swimming development needs to be formulated.Third,based on independence,coaches training system needs to be improved to develop top elite athletes.