药用真菌樟芝拉丁学名的定案

Resolution of scientific binomial of the medicinal fungus “Niuchangchih”

牛樟芝简称樟芝,是台湾特有的药用真菌,在野外只生长于台湾特有的牛樟树干。樟芝于1990年发表为新种,学名Ganoderma camphoratum,于1995年再度发表为新种,学名Antrodia cinnamomea。因樟芝并非为灵芝属Ganoderma,形态特征比较符合薄孔菌属(Antrodia),1997年将樟芝归类为Antrodia,改樟芝学名为Antrodia camphorata。2004年发表牛樟芝属于独立的新属:台芝属(Taiwanofungus),樟芝学名也因此而改为Taiwanofungus camphoratus。对于樟芝学名的种加词应该是1990年发表的camphoratum抑或1995年发表的cinnamomea,争议不断。2015年国际植物分类协会真菌命名委员会经充分讨论之后投票表决,通过保留Ganoderma camphoratum作为牛樟芝的基名,即樟芝拉丁学名的种加词是camphoratum。此裁决结果刊登于2017年4月的《分类学》期刊,并于同年7月在深圳举行的第19届国际植物学大会上予以公告,樟芝学名争议至此告终。

Niuchangchih is a medicinal fungus restricted to Taiwan on the endemic tree species Cinnamomum kanehirae.It was presented as a new species Ganoderma camphoratum in 1990. In 1995 it was again presented by different authors as a new species Antrodia cinnamomea. Niuchangchih is not a Ganoderma species, and morphologies are similar to Antrodia;in 1997 it was transferred to Antrodia, and the new combination A. camphorata was proposed. In 2004, the new genus Taiwanofungus was presented based on Niuchangchih as its type species, hence its scientific binomial was again changed to T. camphoratus. However, controversies occurred concerning which is its correct specific epithet. Should be"camphoratum" presented in 1990 or "cinnamomea" presented in 1995? After comprehensive discussion, the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi voted to recommend acceptance of the proposal, to conserve G. camphoratum with a conserved type. This result was reported in TAXON in April of 2017, and later announced in July in the 19th International Botanical Congress held in Shenzhen, China. The controversial problem of the scientific binomial of Niuchangchih was eventually settled down.