中央权威与地方治理——论南京国民政府建立初期南京市的粮食供应危机

Central Authority and Local Governance——On the Food Supply Crisis of Nanjing in Early Days of Nanjing National Government

从1928年下半年到1930年上半年,长江下游地区发生了比较严重的灾荒,一些城市的米价突然飞涨,而且还经常面临无米可卖的危险,而当时各省对粮食出境进行控制,使得这种粮食危机更加严重。南京市作为国民政府首都,人口较多,平时主要依靠外来米源维持,虽然采取了一系列应对的措施,但在各省限制粮食出境的情况下,粮食供应还是出现了危机,不得不向当地的粮食商人妥协,以求合作。由此可见中央权威在地方治理中的重要作用,如果缺乏中央的协调,地方的行政权就会出现功能衰减。

From the second half of 1928 to the first half of 1930, a serious famine happened in the lower region of Yangtze River. Some cities faced soaring rice price suddenly and the risk of no rice to sell. At the same time many provinces began to control grain export, making the food crisis more serious. As the the capital of national government, Nanjing had a large population and relied mainly on external food sources to maintain. In spite of a series of measures, crisis in the food supply occurred under the condition of limited food export by other provinces, and the Nanjing government had to compromise with local merchants for cooperation. Thus it can be seen that the central authority plays an important role in local governance. Without the coordination of the central authority, the local executive power will have its function weakened.