抗菌药物治疗儿童普通感冒的合理性

Rationality of antibiotics in the treatment of common cold in children

目的探讨儿童普通感冒治疗中抗菌药物的使用合理性。方法随机抽取2018年1~12月我院儿科门诊处方1000张,筛选出儿童普通感冒用药处方,对处方中抗菌药物的使用情况进行分析。结果儿童普通感冒用药处方共560张,其中抗菌药物使用处方256张,占45.71%。其中单用抗菌药物处方213张(83.20%)、二联使用抗菌药物处方43张(16.80%)、口服用药处方156张(60.94%)、静脉注射处方79张(30.86%)、口服和静脉注射一起用药处方21张(8.20%)。抗菌药物DDDs前5名由高到低依次是阿奇霉素干混悬剂、阿莫西林克拉维酸钾片、头孢克洛干混悬剂、注射用头孢美唑、乳糖酸红霉素,主要类型为大环内酯类和β-内酰胺类。抗菌药物中不合理处方共51张,占19.92%。处方不合理类型主要包括无指征用药、用法用量不当、溶媒选择不当及联合用药不当。结论我院儿童普通感冒治疗中抗菌药物使用基本合理,但仍存在不合理使用情况,临床应加强抗菌药物的管理,定期组织医师和药师规范用药的培训,使抗菌药物的应用更加合理。

Objective To explore the rationality of the use of antibiotics in the treatment of common cold in children.Methods One thousand prescriptions of pediatric outpatient department in our hospital from January to December 2018 were randomly selected to screen out the prescriptions for children's common cold and analyze the use of antibiotics in the prescriptions.Results There were 560 prescriptions for children's common cold,in which 256 prescriptions of antibiotics accounted for 45.71%.There were 213(83.20%)prescriptions for single use of antibiotics,43(16.80%)prescriptions for double use of antibiotics,156 oral prescriptions(60.94%),79 intravenous prescriptions(30.86%)and 21 oral and intravenous prescriptions(8.20%).The top five DDDs were azithromycin for suspension,amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets,cefaclor dry suspension,cefmetazole for injection and erythromycin lactonate in order from high to low,and the main types of drugs were macrolides andβ-lactams.There were 51 unreasonable prescriptions in antibiotics,accounting for 19.92%.The unreasonable types of prescriptions mainly included unspecified drug use,improper usage and dosage,improper choice of solvent and improper combination of drugs.Conclusion The use of antibiotics in the treatment of children's common cold in our hospital is basically reasonable,but there are still unreasonable uses.It should strengthen the management of antibiotics and organize regular training for doctors and pharmacists to standardize the use of antibiotics,so as to make the use of antibiotics more reasonable in clinic.