土地政策如何影响企业的出口水平?:基于开发区案例的经验研究

How Does Land Policy Affect the Export Level of Enterprises?:Empirical Research Based on the Development Zone Cases

2003年开始国家针对开发区出台了一系列土地政策,政策要求集约化用地,但这也限制了土地供给。研究发现:(1)土地供应约束抑制了开发区企业出口,但是主要体现在东部地区。(2)开发区政策可以通过集聚效应提高企业出口水平,但是土地政策带来的挤出效应降低了区内资源配置效率和企业生产率,并且减弱了开发区政策带来的集聚效应,进而降低了企业出口水平。(3)土地供应对企业出口的作用随时间的边际变化趋势在2003年以前为持续增大趋势,体现了开发区政策带来的集聚效应,2003年以后的变化趋势基本维持稳定,体现了土地政策的挤出效应。(4)从市场进入角度看,土地政策抑制了开发区企业的进入概率,2003年及以后区内企业进入概率逐年下降,区外则正好相反。

Since 2003,the state has issued a series of land policies for development zones,which not anly requires intensive land use,but also restrict land supply. Land resources are the basic elements of economic development. Land supply constraints may adversely affect the performance of enterprises in development zones. The results show that:( 1) Land supply constraints restrain the export of enterprises in development zones,but mainly in the eastern region.( 2) Development zone policy can improve the export level of enterprises through agglomeration effect,but the crowding-out effect brought by land policy reduces the efficiency of resource allocation and enterprise productivity,and weakens the agglomeration effect brought by Development Zone policy,thereby reducing the export level of enterprises.( 3) The trend of marginal change on the role of land supply in the export of enterprises with time is increasing until 2003,which reflects the agglomeration effect brought by the policy of development zones. Since2003,the change trend has remained stable,which reflects the crowding-out effect of land policy.( 4) From the point of view of market entry,land policy restrains the entry probability of enterprises in development zones. In 2003 and afterwards,the probability of enterprises entry in development zones decreases year by year,while outside the zones is the opposite.