乡村振兴战略实施背景下的湿地生态经济区建设构想

Conception of Construction of Wetland Ecology Economy Zone under Implementation of Rural Revitalization Strategy

在回顾和总结中国湿地保护管理历程和取得成就的基础上,深入探讨了湿地保护中存在的以下问题:水体污染局部改善、总体恶化的趋势仍未得到根本扭转;湿地经济缺乏支柱产业及品牌、生态价值与经济效益未能较好地耦合;现有湿地保护形式难以下延,无法实现湿地资源全面保护的目标,湿地保护科学技术含量偏低且缺乏有效转化平台等。面对乡村振兴战略的实施、农业供给侧改革、生态旅游、研学教育和特色小镇建设等机遇,提出以解决经济发展与生态安全之间呈现失衡发展态势和实现湿地保护与生态产业发展相融合为目标,以生态学和资源经济学原理为指导,以建设由保护与恢复湿地和构建生态环境基底的湿地公园、解决面源污染和提升土地利用效率的湿地农业、打造生态宜居空间和促进乡村活力回归的湿地小镇组成的湿地生态经济区为抓手,实现在新形势下湿地综合价值的提升,促进一产、二产、三产"三位一体"和生产、生活、生态"三生共融",并对其建设理念、主要内容和未来要研究的重点进行了阐述。旨在通过实施湿地生态经济区建设,让健康的生态环境转变成为强劲的生态经济竞争力,实现生态产业结构由低级向高级演变,更好地促进人与自然的和谐发展,实现湿地保护与湿地生态产业发展相融合的升级。

Based on reviewing and summarizing the course and achievements of wetland conservation management in China, the existing problems in wetland conservation are deeply discussed. For example, the trend of local improvement and overall deterioration of water pollution has not been fundamentally reversed;the economy of the wetlands lacks pillar industries and brands;the ecological value and economic benefits have not been well coupled;the existing forms of protection of the wetlands are difficult to be extended, and the goal of comprehensive protection of wetland resources is difficult to be achieved;protection of the wetlands is at a low level of science and technology, which is lacking in effective conversion platform. Under the development opportunities of rural revitalization strategy implementation, agricultural supply-side reform, ecological tourism, research education and characteristic townsconstruction, it is proposed to achieve the integration of protection of the wetlands and ecological industry development. Guided by the principles of ecology and resource economics, the ecological economy zone of the wetlands is established. It is composed of wetland park to construct the base of ecological environment, wetland agriculture to improve land efficiency, and wetland town to promote the return of rural vitality. Under the new situation, the comprehensive value of the wetlands has been improved, and the development of primary, secondary and tertiary production has been promoted.The construction concept, main contents and future research emphases of ecological economy zone of the wetlands are described. By the construction of ecological economy zone of the wetlands, the healthy ecological environment could be transformed into strong ecological economic competitiveness, and the ecological industrial structure could be transformed from low level to high level. Thus, the harmonious development of man and nature is promoted, and the upgrade of protection and ecological industry integration on the wetlands is realized.