地方公共建筑营造中的家国互动——以佛山通济桥为例

The Interaction between the State and the Individuals in the Construction of Local Infrastructure——Take Tongji Bridge in Foshan as an example

地方公共建筑的营造,不仅被社会关系支持,也生产社会关系并被社会关系所生产。佛山通济桥的明代修建者乃是科举成功和经商致富的本土巨家大族;清代则出现了僧人、士人和商人的联合修建;晚清民国以来,则出现了周边社区力量的介入;到了当代,传统士人乡绅阶层瓦解,通济桥的修筑完全由政府主导,佛山民众对通济桥的关注,转化为大规模的民俗参与。通济桥历代的毁与修,既反映了佛山社会关系和权力结构的更迭演变,也折射了家族-社区-地方-国家的复杂互动关系。

The construction of local infrastructure is not only supported by the social relations, but also produces the social relations. The founder of Tongji Bridge in Ming Dynasty was a great native family who succeeded in imperial examination and became rich in business. In Qing Dynasty, it was constructed by the joint of monks, scholars and merchants. Since the late Qing Dynasty, the neighboring communities were involved. In the contemporary era, especially after 1949, the traditional gentry class disintegrated, the government was completely in charged the construction of Tongji Bridge. The attention of the Foshan people to Tongji Bridge was transformed into large-scale folks participation. The destruction and repair of Tongji Bridge’s not only reflects the evolution of social relations and power structures, but also reflects the complex interaction of family,community,local government and the state.