18世纪法国翻译理念框架下元杂剧《赵氏孤儿》法译本研究

Study of the French Translation of The Orphan of House of Tchao under the Traductological Conception of the Eighteenth Century

法国来华传教士马若瑟于1735年翻译了第一部传进欧洲的中国悲剧《赵氏孤儿》,开启了中国戏剧海外传播的序幕。现有针对《赵氏孤儿》法译本的研究多采用历史学视域,探讨《赵氏孤儿》在18世纪"中国热"的语境下在欧洲传播的过程,很少有人从启蒙时代法国翻译理论的视角透视马若瑟译介中国戏剧的策略。然而,翻译是在特定社会语境中发生的社会互动行为。马若瑟有意选取具有浓郁"悲剧精神"的元杂剧《赵氏孤儿》为译介文本,通过改译、增删等翻译策略,率先把戏剧译介活动作为传播中国儒家思想的手段。本文通过梳理18世纪法国翻译理念,重点考证马若瑟对源语言文体风格的改动,源文化内涵的保留,还原翻译所处的时代语境以及历史表现。

In the 18th century, the missionary Joseph de Premare introduced in France the first Chinese drama Orphan of House of Tchao through his translation in 1735. So far, most critics examine the process of dissemination of this Chinese play in Europe in the context of the vogue of Chinoiseries of the 18th century. Very few studies analyze Joseph de Premare's strategies in the eighteenth-century translatological conception. However,translation is an act of social interaction in a given context. This study attempts to shed light on the conception of the French translation in the Enlightement, to measure the linguistic and stylistic changes made by Joseph de Premare , and finally to understand his efforts to convey the Chinese spirit to French readers.