适应风环境的被动式设计策略——以夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑为例

Passive Design Strategy for Adapting to Wind Environment——A Case of the Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Areas

被动式设计能有效解决现阶段严峻的建筑能耗问题,其理论在德国、美国等发达国家业已发展成熟,而国内被动式设计仍处于探索阶段。[1]被动式设计中,建筑师如何根据风环境打造舒适的人居环境成为设计的重要环节。本文基于夏热冬冷地区的气候特点,主要解决住宅建筑夏季降温通风和冬季保温隔热两大难题,以利用有利风环境和规避不利风环境为解答方向,从总体规划布局、建筑形体设计和围护结构设计三方面系统论述被动式设计在适应风环境层面的综合策略,并提出三种适宜该地区的代表性热缓冲腔体。

Passive design can effectively solve current severe problem of construction energy consumption, and its theory is mature in developed countries such as Germany and the United States, while the domestic passive design is still in the exploration stage.[1] In the passive design, how the architects create a comfortable living environment according to the wind environment has become an important part of the design. Based on the climatic characteristics of hot summer and cold winter regions, this paper mainly solves two major problems of summer cooling and insulation and ventilation in winter, uses the favorable wind environment and avoids unfavorable wind environment, and systematically discusses the comprehensive strategy of passive design in adapting to the wind environment level from overall planning layout, architectural shape design and the enclosure design, and finally proposes three representative thermal buffer cavities suitable for the region.