美国森林政策如何规范管理行为:经验与启示

How Does Forest Policy Regulate Forest Management in US:Experience and Implications

随着中国全面融入全球化发展进程,国内森林政策受到国家间学习、交流借鉴的影响越来越强烈。美国是传统的林业发达国家,也是当今森林政策与理论扩散的重要策源地之一,系统全面地总结美国森林政策的发展经验以期为我国森林政策变革提供参考和指引,历来是国内学界关注的重点。文章基于耶鲁大学国际林业政策比较数据库,引入政策分类与规范比较框架对美国7个州的森林管理实践进行了研究和对比,研究发现:美国各州的森林政策规范性差异明显,政策的设置相对灵活,森林管理者对森林管理行为具有相当的自由裁量权。结合已有研究成果,文章对美国政策规范性特征进行了推断,并指出中国森林政策改革的重要方向之一是赋予地方森林管理者更多的自由裁量权,围绕“行政放权”厘清政府、市场和社区的边界与关系。

Along with advance of globalization, China' s forest policies are highly influenced by foreign countries through the way of policy learning. Forestry in the US is well developed and acted as an important role for forest policy diffusion worldwide. Make a systematically study of the forest policy development experiences of the US to provide reference and identification direction for the forest policy reform in China has always been stressed in do mestic research.This paper based on the database for international forestry policy comparison set up by Yale Univer sity, analyzed and compared the forest management practice in 7 states in the USA. Through analysis framework for policy classification and comparison, it was found that: there are significant differences between 7 states of the US in terms of forest policy prescriptiveness. American forest policies are relatively flexible, forest managers have consider able discretion to decide how to manage their own forest. Combining with previous research, this paper pointed out that one of the important directions of China' s forest policy reform was to clarify the boundary between gov ernment, market and community based on the reform of administrative decentralization.