心理弹性在职业潜水员压力知觉与心理健康关系中的中介作用

Mediating effects of mental resilience in relationship between perceived stress and mental health of commercial divers

[背景]职业潜水员长期面临如高气压、海底未知世界、密闭空间、紧急救援等特殊压力性事件,容易产生各种不良心理反应,导致心理问题,从而影响工作效率和作业安全。研究如何降低压力事件对职业潜水员心理健康的不良影响十分必要。[目的]探讨职业潜水员心理弹性在压力知觉与心理健康关系中的中介作用。[方法]选取2017年12月至2018年3月间深圳、广州、天津、上海、厦门、长城、东海、北海8家打捞局所有在岗未出海的163名职业潜水员为研究对象,分别采用中文版压力知觉量表(CPSS)、心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)及症状自评量表(SCL-90)评定职业潜水员的压力知觉、心理弹性和心理健康。采用结构方程模型分析职业潜水员压力知觉、心理弹性和心理健康之间的关系。[结果]回收有效问卷163份(有效率100%)。职业潜水员心理健康总分及人际关系敏感、抑郁、敌对、偏执得分低于全国成人常模(P <0.05),恐怖因子得分高于成人常模(P <0.05),躯体化、强迫症状、焦虑及精神病性与常模的差异无统计学意义。不同年龄、工龄和婚姻状况组潜水员的压力知觉、心理弹性和心理健康状况的差异无统计学意义。建立了职业潜水员压力知觉、心理弹性和心理健康三者关系的结构方程模型,模型拟合度良好,各项拟合指标分别为χ2=12.46(P=0.330),χ2/df=1.132,GFI=0.979,TLI=0.997,CFI=0.998,RMSEA=0.029。结构方程模型分析结果显示:压力知觉对职业潜水员心理健康有正向作用(B=0.32,P <0.01),心理弹性在压力知觉与心理健康之间存在中介效应(效应量33%)。[结论]我国职业潜水员心理健康水平高于普通人群。职业潜水员心理健康水平与压力知觉相关,心理弹性在压力知觉与心理健康中起到部分中介作用。

[Background] Commercial divers have been facing a variety of stressful events, such as hyperbaric environment, uncertainty of undersea, confined and limited space, and emergency rescue, which make them susceptible to psychological problems and further reduce their performance efficiency and safety level. How to reduce the adverse influence of stressful events on mental health of commercial divers has become a major research topic.[Objective] This study aims analyze the mediating effects of mental resilience in relationship between perceived stress and mental health of commercial divers.[Methods] A total of 163 commercial divers, who worked at 8 salvage bureaus of Shenzhen,Guangzhou, Tianjin, Shanghai, Xiamen, Changcheng, Donghai, and Beihai and were on duty but without on-going salvage execution, were investigated with the Symptom Check List 90(SCL-90),Chinese Perceived Stress Scale(CPSS), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC) to measure the perceived stress, resilience, and mental health. Structural equation model(SEM) was applied to explore the relationships.[Results] A total of 163 valid questionnaires were returned(valid rate, 100%). The total scores of SCL-90 and dimensional scores of interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, and paranoid ideation were significantly lower than the norms in China(P < 0.05);the score of phobia was significantly higher than the norm in China(P < 0.05);the scores of somatization, coercion, anxiety, and psychoticism were not significantly different. There was no significant difference among categories of age/service time/marriage in perceived stress,resilience, and mental health. A model of perceived stress, resilience, and mental health was established by using SEM. The model was fairly suitable indicated by χ2=12.46(P=0.330),χ2/df=1.132, GFI=0.979, TLI=0.997, CFI=0.998, RMSEA=0.029. The model showed that perceived stress had a positive effect on mental health of the commercial divers(B=0.32, P < 0.01), and the mediating effects of resilience between perceived stress and mental health account for 33%.[Conclusion] The commercial divers show better mental health than Chinese norm. Their mental health may be associated with perceived stress, and resilience may have mediating effects on the relationship between perceived stress and mental health.