云南草果茎叶挥发油含量及主要化学成分分析

Analysis on the Content and Main Chemical Components of Volatile Oils from Amomum tsao-ko Stems and Leaves in Yunnan Province

目的:研究云南草果主产区不同居群草果茎、叶中挥发油含量及化学成分,为草果茎、叶的合理利用提供理论依据。方法:水蒸气蒸馏法提取31批草果茎、叶样品的挥发油;GC-MS法分析挥发油中的主要化学成分;并对其进行聚类分析和灰色关联度分析。结果:草果茎、叶中的挥发油提取率为0.20%~0.97%;其挥发油的化学成分存在一定差异;聚类分析结果表明31批草果样品分为3类;灰色关联度分析结果表明草果茎中α-蒎烯、桉叶油醇和D-柠檬烯与海拔高度的灰色关联度较高,草果叶中桉叶油醇、D-柠檬烯和2-正戊基呋喃与海拔高度的灰色关联度较高。结论:31批草果茎、叶挥发油的含量及化学组成存在一定差异,并且其化学成分与海拔之间有一定的相关性,应根据草果茎、叶有效成分及含量对其进行合理利用。

Objective:To analysis the contents and main constituents of volatile oil in stems and leaves of Amomum tsao-ko from different places of Yunnan province in order to provide theoretical foundation for the application of Amomum tsao-ko.Methods:Volatile oil from thirty-one samples of Amomum tsao-ko stems and leaves was extracted by steam distillation.The main chemical constituents of volatile oils were assayed by GC-MS.Cluster analysis and gray correlation analysis were carried out.Results:The content of volatile oil in stems and leaves of Amomum tsao-ko was 0.20%~0.97%.The chemical composition of the volatile oil was different.According to the clustering analysis,the thirty-one samples were separated to be three sets.The gray correlation analysis results indicated that the contents of α-pinene,eucalyptol and D-limonene in stems had higher gray correlation with altitude,while the contents of eucalyptol,D-limonene and 2-amyl furan in leaves had higher gray correlation with altitude.Conclusion:The volatile oil content and chemical constituents in the thirty-one samples of Amomum tsao-ko exist some differences.The chemical constituents of Amomum tsao-ko are related to altitude.The volatile oils in leaves and stems of Amomum tsao-ko should be made rational utilization according to the content of effective constituents.