大鲵油脱腥及挥发性成分分析

Deodorization and volatile components of giant salamander oil

对大鲵油脱腥方法及挥发性成分进行研究。采用茶多酚液、酵母液、活性炭、茶多酚-酵母复合液对大鲵油进行脱腥,再经加热真空处理,经感官评价选取呈味好的大鲵油,通过气相色谱(GC)测定其脂肪酸组成,顶空固相微萃取-气质联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析其挥发性成分。结果表明:茶多酚液、酵母液、活性炭和茶多酚-酵母复合液对大鲵油的腥味均有不同程度的去除作用,茶多酚-酵母复合液对大鲵油的脱腥效果较好,油腥味较小;脱腥大鲵油中油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、EPA和DHA含量分别为33. 9%、13. 7%、6. 6%、2. 8%、3. 9%;脱腥大鲵油中共鉴定出60种挥发性成分,包括17种醛类、4种醇类、2种酮类、4种酯类、2种酸类、28种烃类和3种其他类化合物,相对含量分别为9. 159%、7. 986%、1. 134%、0. 625%、0. 181%、15. 773%、64. 348%,主要特征性成分为壬醛、苯乙醛、庚醛、(Z,Z)-2,4-癸二烯醛、2-壬烯醛、芳樟醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、α-蒎烯、2-戊基-呋喃。经过充分脱腥的大鲵油适合于食用。

The deodorization method and volatile components of giant salamander oil were studied. The giant salamander oil was deodorized by tea polyphenol solution,yeast solution,activated carbon and tea polyphenol-yeast complex solution,and then treated by heating vacuum. The giant salamander oil with good smell was selected by sensory evaluation,and the fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography (GC),and the volatile components were analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The results showed that tea polyphenol solution,yeast solution,activated carbon and tea polyphenol-yeast complex solution could remove the fishy smell of giant salamander oil to some extent,and tea polyphenol-yeast complex solution had better removal effect on the fishy smell of giant salamander oil. The contents of oleic acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid,EPA and DHA in the deodorized giant salamander oil were 33. 9%,13. 7%,6. 6%,2. 8% and 3. 9% respectively.A total of 60 volatile components were identified in the giant salamander oil,including 17 aldehydes,4 alcohols,2 ketones,4 esters,2 acids,28 hydrocarbons and 3 other compounds, and their relative contents were 9. 159%,7. 986%,1. 134%,0. 625%,0. 181%,15. 773% and64. 348%,respectively. The main characteristic components were nonanal,phenylacetaldehyde,heptaldehyde,(Z,Z)-2,4-decadienal,2-nonenal,linalool,1-octene-3-ol,α-pinene and 2-pentyl-furan. The fully deodorized giant salamander oil was suitable for eating.