父母成人依恋、怜悯与亲子关系质量:主客体互倚分析

Parental Adult Attachment,Compassion,and Parent-child Relationship Quality:Actor-partner Interdependence Modeling

本研究考察了父母的成人依恋对亲子关系的影响以及怜悯的中介作用。采用方便取样法调查广东省某市小学2~5年级学生的父母。534对父母自我报告了各自的成人依恋、怜悯和亲子关系质量。主客体互倚模型分析发现:(1)父母各自的依恋焦虑和依恋回避显著负向预测自己与孩子的关系质量(主体效应),但无法显著预测伴侣与孩子的关系质量(客体效应);(2)父母各自的怜悯在上述主体效应中起到中介作用;(3)母亲的怜悯在自身依恋回避对父子关系的客体效应中起到"遮掩效应";(4)母亲的怜悯在自身依恋焦虑对父子关系的客体效应中起到中介作用。研究结果有利于从成对关系视角理解父母成人依恋如何影响亲子关系,实际干预中可以通过提高父母的怜悯能力来改善亲子关系。

The present study aimed to examine the associations between parental adult attachment and parent-child relationship quality,and further to explore the mediating role of compassion. A convenience sampling method was used to investigate the parents of Grade 2 ~ 5 students in a primary school in Guangdong Province. 534 pairs of parents self-reported their adult attachment,compassion,and relationship quality with their child. Data was analyzed by the Actor-Partner Interdependent Model. Results revealed that:(1) both attachment anxiety and avoidance had significant negative actor effect on parent-child relationship quality,but no partner effect;(2) parents’own compassion mediated own actor effects;(3) mothers’ compassion had the suppressing effects in the relationship between maternal attachment avoidance and father-child relationship.(4) mothers’ compassion mediated the association between the maternal attachment anxiety and father-child relationship. Our results contribute to understand how parental adult attachment impacts parent-child relationship quality from the dyadic interactions. Moreover,the findings indicate that to improve the quality of parent-child relationship,intervention programs can aim at promoting parents’ compassion.