2～5年级小学生汉字识别中预视效应的发展研究

Development of Orthographic,Phonological and Semantic Preview Benefits from Second to Fifth Graders in Word Recognition

在阅读时,读者可以获取副中央凹处的词汇信息,副中央凹加工是构成流畅阅读的重要因素。本研究从儿童语言发展的角度,通过3个实验(共534名被试),考察了汉语视觉字词加工中2~5年级学生的字形、语音、语义预视效应。结果发现:(1) 2~5年级小学生均有字形预视效应;(2) 2、3年级学生没有语音预视效应,4、5年级学生有此效应;(3) 2年级学生没有语义预视效应,3、4、5年级学生有此效应。这表明,低水平的视觉信息-字形信息在儿童副中央凹加工中一直稳定地发挥作用;高水平的语言信息-语音和语义信息,随着儿童年级的升高和阅读技能的提升,逐渐地在儿童的副中央凹加工中发挥作用。儿童对汉字各类型信息的获取与使用的发展模式不同于拼音文字阅读发展理论的预测。

Readers could obtain lexical information from the words to the right of fixation during reading. The efficient parafoveal processing may be one of the key determinants of fluent reading. Based on children's language development , we conducted three experiments to investigate the developmental trajectory of orthographic, phonological and semantic processing parafoveally from second graders to fifth graders in Chinese word recognition. There were a total of 534 participants who participated in the three experiments. The results were as follows:(1) Orthographic preview effects were found from second to fifth graders.(2) There were not phonological preview effects for second and third graders, while fourth and fifth graders could obtain phonological preview benefit.(3) Second graders were not able to obtain semantic preview benefit, while the third to fifth graders could. The results indicated that low level visual information (orthographic information) plays an important role in children's parafoveal processing and remains stable across different ages. The high level linguistic informations (phonological and semantic information) become increasingly important for efficient word identification with grade level and reading skill.