帝国的司法长臂——美国经济霸权的法律支撑

The Empire’s Long-Arm Jurisdiction: United States’ Legal Support for its Economic Hegemony

1075年,教皇格列高利七世发起了著名的"教皇革命",不仅凸显了教皇独立于君主并高于君主地位,更重要的是全面吸收罗马法原理而将教会法体系化,从而将所有神职人员和信徒皆纳入教会法体系的管辖之下,甚至规定教会法与世俗法发生冲突时,教会法高于世俗法。在这种教会法与世俗法并置的法律多元体系下,世俗法的管辖权仅仅局限在君主以及封建领主的狭窄领土而成为"地方性法律",而教会法实际上演变成为超越于世俗法之上的在全欧洲普遍使用的国际法,这就是所谓的"欧洲公法"。

"Long-arm jurisdiction"was initially developed in the 1950s to solve United State's interstate jurisdictional issues.However,it has been gradually extended to non-US companies and individuals,and eventually been constructed as a legal system that has jurisdiction over multinational corporations and individuals.