性别、羞感与价值——论舍勒的女性主义思想

Gender,Shame and Value——On Scheler’s Thoughts of Feminism

舍勒于女性主义第一次浪潮的末期,对其成败进行了初步总结。舍勒是从文化角度来考察女性主义运动的,他认为女性主义运动的未来意义在于形成一种体现女性价值的"女性文化"。舍勒的"女性主义者"身份要打折扣,因为他在男性价值与女性价值孰高孰低问题上显得犹豫。无论是在定位男性价值与女性价值,还是在陈述性别差异时,舍勒都表现出了对女性浪漫的欣赏态度。在舍勒看来,女性是一种比男性更接近整合性的存在,实现这种存在也是舍勒对女性主义运动目标的终极设想。这一对女性看似肯定的价值定位,实际上回避了性别平等问题,并没有真正翻转男尊女卑的评价,反而强化了建立在传统二分观念基础上的性别结构。

Scheler was at the end of the first wave of feminism and made a preliminary summary of its success or failure.Scheler examines the feminism movement from a cultural perspective.He pointed out that the future significance of feminism movement is to form a " feminine culture"that embodies the female value.Scheler’ s " feminist" identity is to be discounted because he appears hesitant about the problem that which is higher between male value and the female value.Scheler shows a romantic appreciation attitude towards females, whether in the position of male value and female values, or in the presentation of gender differences.Scheler believes that females are a more integrated existence than male, and that the realization of this existence is Scheler’s final vision of the goals of feminism movement.This seemingly positive affirmation of the female value actually avoids the issue of gender equality.It does not really reverse the evaluation that females are inferior to males but strengthens the gender structure based on traditional dichotomy.