黑土区坡耕地田间道路的水力侵蚀特征

Hydraulic Erosion Characteristics of Field Roads in Sloping Farmland of Black Soil Area

选取土质平坦路面、土质车辙路面、砂石平坦路面3种黑土区常见农用道路类型,采用人工模拟降雨试验方法,对黑土区不同农用道路侵蚀特征进行分析。结果表明:3种常见农用道路径流系数为0. 87~0. 90,产流过程相似,可分为迅速增长与相对稳定2个阶段。3种路面产沙过程有明显区别,侵蚀量表现为土质车辙路面>土质平坦路面>砂石平坦路面。3种路面细沟发育情况均不相同,土质车辙路面细沟发育较快,土质平坦路面产生细沟多于土质车辙路面且细沟发育结束较早,砂石平坦路面产生细沟较少且发育缓慢。可见,砂石平坦路面抗侵蚀效果较好,适合在东北黑土区农用道路建设中推广应用。

Three common agricultural road forms in black soil areas, flat dirt road, dirt rut road and flat gravel road, were selected, and the artificial rainfall test method was used to analyze the erosion characteristics of different farmlands in black soil areas. The results showed that there was a small difference in runoff process among the three common agricultural roads, and the runoff coefficient was 0. 87-0. 90. There were significant differences in sediment formation among the three types of roads. The erosion amount is as follows: dirt rut road> flat dirt road> flat gravel road. The develop? ment of rills of the three types of roads was different. Rills of dirt rut road developed rapidly. Flat dirt road produced more rills than dirt rut road and the development of rills ended earlier. Flat gravel road produced less rills and rills were slow to develop on it. Visibly, flat gravel road has better anti- erosion effect, suitable for agricultural use in the black soil areas of Northeast China.