俄罗斯电力市场与可再生能源发电政策研究

Research on Russian Electricity Market and Renewable Energy Generation Policies

随着全球传统化石能源的日益枯竭以及环境问题的日趋严重,各国政府更加注重可再生能源的发展。为了加快清洁能源低碳转型,俄罗斯自2009年开始陆续颁布了支持可再生能源投资与发展的国家政策。通过一系列改革,俄罗斯已建立了相对完善的可再生能源法律体系以及电力市场运行机制。俄罗斯电力工业目前已形成竞争性、市场化程度较高的电力批发与零售市场,运行机制相对复杂。为了刺激可再生能源发电项目的投资,俄罗斯政府在电力批发市场中采用容量补贴的方式给予开发商稳定的投资回报。截至目前,No.449法案是俄罗斯可再生能源支持政策中最为重要的一个政府法案。通过对容量补贴的方式与原理进行研究可知,对补贴金额具有较大影响的因素主要是国产化率与容量系数。案例分析表明,俄政府针对新能源发电项目的补贴力度非常大,容量补贴是投资商的主要收益来源,为项目获得稳定的收益率提供了有力保障,项目的发电收益仅占总收入的小部分。因此,投资俄罗斯可再生能源发电项目的关键,在于满足政府规定的国产化率等一系列指标要求,以确保获得政府的容量补贴。

With the global depletion of traditional fossil energy and the deterioration of environment,governments are paying more attention to the development of renewable energy.In order to accelerate the low-car-bon transformation of clean energy,Russia has successively issued some national policies to support the investment and development of renewable energy since 2009.Through a series of reforms,Russia has established a relatively complete legal system for renewable energy and an operational mechanism for electricity market.The Russian power industry has now formed a competitive and market-oriented wholesale and retail electricity market,with a relatively complicated operational mechanism.In order to stimulate the investment in renewable energy generation projects,the Russian government has given the developers stable investment returns by adopting capacity subsidies in the wholesale electricity market.So far,Decree No.449 has been one of the most important policies in Russia to support renewable energy development.The study on the methods and principles of capacity subsidies shows that the localization rate and capacity factor are the main factors influencing the amount of subsidies.Case study shows that the Russian government ′ s subsidies for renewable energy generation projects are strong.As the main source of income for investors,capacity subsidies provide a strong guarantee for the projects to obtain a stable rate of return,while the power generation revenue only accounts for a small portion of the total revenue.Therefore,the key to investing in renewable energy generation projects in Russia is to meet the government-defined requirements,including localization rate,to ensure access to government capacity subsidies.