2007至2016年山西省41527例法定传染病病例调查分析

Infectious diseases from 2007 to 2016 in Shanxi province: epidemical analyses of 41 527 cases

目的分析山西省某三甲综合医院近十年法定传染病病例的流行特征及变化趋势,为制定预防控制对策和措施提供科学依据。方法收集山西省某三甲综合医院2007年1月至2016年12月收治的41 527例法定传染病患者的相关资料进行回顾性分析,分析其流行特征,地区、时间、人群分布及传播途径等特征。结果共报告法定传染病26种,其中乙类传染病18种(36 828例,88.68%)、丙类传染病4种(3 076例,7.41%)、其他法定管理和重点监测传染病4种(1 623例,3.91%)。无甲类传染病报告。乙型肝炎总例数26 162例(63.00%),10年内年报告数均居第1位;男、女性别比为1.31:1。传染病位居前五位者男女顺位一致,来源地主要以本省常住居民为主。职业分布中,农民相对较多(11 239例,27.06%);从传染病传播途径方面来看,少年儿童组以呼吸道传染病和手足口病为主,其他组均以血源及性传播传染病为主。结论该院传染病病例相对集中,应根据传染病流行情况加强青少年儿童组呼吸道传染病、手足口病的监测,对成人重点加强血源及性传播传染病的监测和防控。

Objective To analyze the epidemical characteristics and variation tendency of legal infectious diseases in a comprehensive hospital in Shanxi province over the past ten years and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control measures against infectious diseases. Methods Data related to legal infectious diseases of patients treated in a comprehensive hospital in Shanxi province from January 2007 to December 2016 were collected for a retrospective analysis. The epidemiological characteristics, such as time, place, persons, aggregation status and development of the epidemics, were analyzed with Excel and SPSS 11.5 software. Results A total number of 41 527 cases of legal infectious diseases were reported. Among them, there were 36 828 cases(88.68%) of class B infectious diseases, 3 076 cases(7.41%) of class C infectious diseases and 1 623 cases(3.91%) of other legally monitored infectious diseases. The total number of hepatitis B cases was 26 162(63.00%), ranking the first in the past 10 years. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.31:1. The top five infectious diseases were in the same order of male and female. Source of infectious disease patients was mainly the permanent residents of this province. The occupation with relatively high incidence was farmer(11 239 cases,27.06%). In terms of transmission channels of infectious diseases, respiratory infectious diseases and hand-foot-mouth diseases were the major epidemic diseases in the juvenile and children groups, while blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases were the major epidemic diseases in the other groups. Conclusion Cases of infectious diseases in the hospital are relatively concentrated. According to the epidemic characteristics of infectious diseases, the respiratory infectious diseases and hand-foot-mouth diseases should be monitored and prevented on the teenagers and children population,while blood and sexually transmitted diseases should be intensively monitored on the other population.