法国科技评价发展及其对中国的启示——基于CoNRS和HCéRES评价指标的案例研究

Development of France’s Science and Technology Evaluation and Its Enlightments to China: A Case Study Based on Evaluation Indicators of CoNRS and HCéRES

作为欧洲中央集权国家的典型代表,法国在科学技术管理、资源优化配置、科技评价体系改革等方面和我国具有很大的相似之处。本文以第二次世界大战结束为时间起点,首先,梳理法国科技评价体系的发展与演变,发现法国政府共先后组建了5家科技评价机构(CoNRS、CNE、CNER、AERES和HCERES),经改革重组后,只有CoNRS和HCERES仍在运行:CoNRS只负责法国国家科研中心下设各研究单元科研人员的内部评价,HCERES主要负责法国各类高等教育机构、科研机构、研究单元与团队、实验室和部分公共部门的外部评价。其次,采用案例分析法解读了CoNRS和HCERES的评价指标,发现法国科技评价工作在评价机制、评价指标、评审人员和评价结果方面各有特点。基于此,最后对我国优化完善科技评价体系改革提出了3点启示与建议。

As a typical representative of the European centralized states, France has great similarities with China in terms of science and technology management, resource allocation, and scientific and technological evaluation system reform. This article studies the development of France’s science and technology evaluation from the end of the Second World War up to now. First, combing the development and evolution of the French science and technology evaluation system, it is found that the French government has established five scientific and technological evaluation institutions (CoNRS, CNE, CNER, AERES and HCERES). After the reorganization, only CoNRS and HCERES are still in operation. CoNRS is responsible for the internal evaluation of researchers in various research units under the French National Research Center. HCERES is mainly responsible for the external evaluation of various French higher education institutions, research institutions, research units and teams, laboratories and some public sectors. Secondly, using the case analysis method to interpret the evaluation indexes of CoNRS and HCERES, it is found that the French scientific and technological evaluation work has its own characteristics in the evaluation mechanism, evaluation indicators, reviewers and evaluation results. Based on this, the paper finally puts forward three inspirations and suggestions for the reform of China’s optimization and improvement of science and technology evaluation system.