ESI高被引科学家的分布研究

Study on Distribution of ESI Highly Cited Researchers

为了通过对ESI高被引科学家数据的分析,了解该评选标准下的高水平科学家的数量、学科、国家和地区分布情况,以便为相关领域的学科发展或人才引进政策提供参考。本文基于ESI数据库2014—2017四年间的高被引科学家数据,利用文献计量的方法,从多个维度统计分析了各学科领域高被引科学家分布情况,集中对比分析了中美两国的数据,并相对全面地解析了中国高被引科学家的情况。分析结果显示,美国在入选科学家体量上具有绝对领先优势,在入选的学科分布上也优于中、徳、英、日等国,在一定程度上可认为美国的学科发展布局更加完善;中国高被引科学家的数量逐年递增,但科学家区域分布差异较大,大都汇聚在中东部及沿海城市,且在学科分布上也十分不均衡。对标主要科技强国,在学科发展水平以及人才队伍水平上,中国还存在差距。

Through the analysis of the data of highly cited researchers, this paper studies the distribution of high-level scientists’ disciplines, countries or regions under the selection criteria, and provides reference for relevant discipline development or talent introduction policies. Based on the data of highly cited researchers in the ESI database from 2014 to 2017, this paper uses bibliometric methods to statistically analyze the distribution of highly cited researchers in various disciplines from multiple dimensions. Then, this paper analyzes the data of China and the United States concentratedly and makes a relatively comprehensive analysis of the situation of China’s highly cited researchers. The analysis shows that the United States has an absolute lead in the number of selected researchers, and it is superior to China, German, Britain, and Japan in terms of the distribution in selected subjects. To a certain extent, it can be considered that the development of the disciplines in the United States is relatively optimized. The number of highly cited researchers in China has increased year by year, but the regional distribution of researchers is quite different. Most of the highly cited researchers are gathered in the central and eastern cities and coastal cities, and the highly cited researchers are also very uneven in the distribution of disciplines. According to the data of the major science and technology powers, China still have some gaps in building world-class university, first-class discipline, and first-class talent team.