大学生性别角色对生涯适应力的影响：社会能力的中介作用

Effect of Gender Role Orientation on College Students’ Career Adapt-ability: Mediating Role of Social Ability

探索性别角色(男性化、女性化)对大学生社会能力和生涯适应力的影响。方法:用问卷调查的方式调查五所学校478名大四学生(男201人,女277人)的性别角色偏好、社会能力和生涯适应力。结果:(1)男性化、女性化、社会能力和生涯适应力在男、女性别上的得分不存在显著性差异(t=1.168,t=1.347,t=1.522,t=1.555,ps>0.05);(2)女性化、社会能力对生涯适应力的直接影响显著(β=0.24,β=0.57,ps<0.05),而性别、男性化对生涯适应力的直接影响不显著(β=-0.09,β=-0.11,ps>0.05);(3)男性化对社会能力的直接影响显著(β=0.49,p<0.05),性别、女性化对社会能力的直接影响不显著(β=-0.08,β=0.25,ps>0.05);(4)社会能力在男性化对生涯适应力的影响中起完全中介作用,在女性化对生涯适应力的影响中起部分中介效应;(5)性别在女性化对生涯适应力影响中的调节作用显著(β=0.226,p<0.05),而在社会能力对生涯适应力影响中的调节作用不显著(β=-0.144,p>0.05)。结论:研究证实了女性化、社会能力对大学生生涯适应力直接影响,以及社会能力在性别角色对生涯适应力影响中的中介效应。研究发现,真正影响大学生生涯适应力的是性别角色,而不是性别;但女性化特质对生涯适应力的影响存在性别差异,即相比男性学生,女性学生的女性化特质对生涯适应力的影响更明显。

To explore the impact of gender role orientation(feminity and masculinity)to social ability and career adapt-ability.Methods:478 senior students(N=478;female=277,male=201)in college were selected to answer the questionnaires of gender role orientation,social ability and career adapt-ability;Results:(1)there is no significant difference between female and male students on gender role orientation,social ability and career adapt-ability(t=1.168,t=1.347,t=1.522,t=1.555,ps>0.05);(2)students who reported higher femininity and social ability presented better career adapt-ability(β=0.24,β=0.57,ps<0.05),students'gender,masculinity,however,were not significantly associated with career adapt-ability(β=-0.08,β=0.25,ps>0.05);(3)students who reported higher masculinity reported higher social ability(β=0.49,p<0.05),but gender and femininity were not significantly associated with it(β=-0.08,β=0.25,ps>0.05);(4)social ability played a completely mediating role in the relation between gender role orientation and career adapt-ability,however,femininity played a partial mediating role;(5)gender played a significantly mediating role in the relationship of femininity and career and adapt-ability(β=0.226,p<0.05),however,between the relationship of social ability and career adapt-ability,its moderate effect was not significant(β=-0.144,p>0.05).Conclusion:our study confirmed the effect of gender,gender role orientation(feminity and masculinity),social ability on college students'career adapt-ability.We recommended that what really affected the career adaptability of college students is gender role,not gender;but the influence of feminine traits on career adapt-ability has gender differences,that is,compared with male students,the feminine characteristics of female students have more obvious influence on career adaptability.