小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接研究——基于重庆市永川区调研

Study on Connect Small-scale Farmers with Development of Modern Agriculture Organically——Based on Survey of Yongchuan District in Chongqing City

面对“大国小农”客观实际,促进小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接是推进中国特色农业现代化必然选择。基于小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接内涵,结合分工经济理论,系统梳理重庆市永川区实现小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接四种模式:现代特色农业产业+小农户型、农业社会化服务型、农村产业融合发展型和农村土地股份合作社带动型。研究发现,作为农业农村部等八部门批复的“创新小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接机制试点”,永川实践具有多重良好经济社会效应,进而得出小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接需要“市场主导与政府支持相结合、扶持小农户与发展适度规模经营相协调、尊重小农户意愿与建立多形式利益联结机制相统一”等经验启示。基于此,提出创新合作社组织小农户机制、大力培育新型职业农民等政策建议,以期为中西部土地类型多样化地区小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接提供实践经验。

Facing the reality of "big countries and small-scale farmers", it's an inevitable choice to promote organic connections between small-scale farmers and the development of modern agriculture so as to push forward the modernization of Chinese characteristic agriculture. On the basis of the analysis of the essence of organic connections between small-scale farmers and the development of modern agriculture, taking economic theory of labor division into consideration, four patterns of achieving such connections were summarized systematically taking Yongchuan District of Chongqing as an example. The four patterns were combining modern characteristic agricultural industry with small-scale farmers, agricultural socialization service, development of agricultural integration, and rural land stock cooperatives. The practice of Yongchuan District accorded with the economic theory of labor division, resulting in multiple favorable economic and social effects;which led to the conclusion that in order to achieve the organic connections between small-scale farmers and the development of modern agriculture, the combination of market dominance and government support, the coordination between supporting small-scale farmers and developing moderate scale operations, as well as the unity between the respect for small farmers' desires and the establishment of multi- form interest linkage mechanisms were necessary. Finally, policy recommendations were made from the aspects of innovative mechanisms in which cooperatives organize small-scale farmers, the cultivation of new type of professional farmers, and the practice of the conviction that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, which were expected to provide references for small-scale farmers in Midwestern areas with diversified land types regarding the practice of organic connections between small-scale farmers and the development of modern agriculture.