不同规模农户环境友好型生产行为的差异性分析——基于全国7省1059户农户调研数据

The Differences in Environmentally Friendly Production Behaviors of Farmers of Different Sizes——Based on Survey Data of 1059 Households in Seven Provinces in China

基于我国7省1059户农户调研数据,构建双变量Probit模型,分析规模异质性农户环境友好型生产行为差异及影响因素。研究表明,规模异质性农户使用环境友好型肥料影响因素不同,年龄、土地产权类型、家庭收入、受教育程度、技术培训、风险偏好为影响小农户采用测土配方肥主要因素,年龄、土地产权类型、劳动力总数、非农劳动力数量、养殖业收入和过量施肥对土壤影响的认知为影响小农户采用有机肥主要因素,而年龄、农地质量、劳动力总数、家庭收入、政府补贴、受教育程度、技术培训、风险偏好和对量施肥对土壤影响的认知为影响种植大户采用测土配方肥主要因素,劳动力总数、非农劳动力数量、养殖业收入、技术培训、风险偏好和过量施肥对土壤影响的认知是种植大户采用有机肥行为的主要影响因素;小农户和种植大户采用测土配方肥和有机肥的影响因素同中有异,分别倾向于采用劳动密集型和资金密集型环境友好型生产行为。基于此,提出准确定位环境友好型政策目标群体、大力发展农业教育和培训以及推进激励措施落实的对策建议。

Based on the survey data of 1 059 farmers in seven provinces of China, the Bivariate Probit Model was used to analyze the environmentally friendly production behavior differences and influencing factors of scale heterogeneous farmers. The results of the study indicated that the factors affecting the use of environmentally friendly fertilizers by farmers of different scales were different: while age, the type of land property rights , household income, education level, technical training, risk preference were the main factors affecting the use of soil testing formula fertilizers by small farmers;age, the type of land property rights, the total labor force, the number of non-agricultural labors, the income of aquaculture and the cognitive factors of soil fertilization were the main factors affecting the use of organic fertilizer by small farmers. Age, the quality of farmland, the total labor force, household income, government subsidies, education level, technical training, risk preference and the cognitive factors of soil fertilization were the main factors affecting the use of soil testing formula fertilizers by large-scale farmers;the total labor force, the number of non-agricultural labor, the income of aquaculture, technical training, risk preference, and the cognitive factors of soil fertilization were the main factors affecting the use of organic fertilizer by large-scale farmers. The factors affecting small farmers and large-scale farmers using soil testing formula fertilizers and organic fertilizer were different, and they respectively tend to adopt labor- intensive and capital- intensive environmentally friendly production behaviors. Based on this, it proposed countermeasures and suggestions for accurately positioning environmentally-friendly policy target groups, vigorously developing agricultural education and training, and promoting the implementation of incentive measures.