电动汽车用锂离子电池散热方法研究

On the Heat Dissipation Method of Li-ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles

锂离子电池被广泛用于电动汽车来代替传统能源,其性能优劣直接关系到整车的性能,而温度是影响锂离子电池性能的主要因素,如果锂电池长时间处于高温下工作,电池性能会迅速衰减,甚至会引发热失控,因此研究锂离子电池的散热方法尤为重要。首先,从锂离子电池的充电机理和熔化过程分析了温度过高对于锂电池的性能影响;总结了空气冷却、液体冷却、相变材料冷却、热管冷却等4种常见锂电池散热方法的原理、特点和应用;最后,分别从不同方面归纳了4种不同散热方法的特点。

The Li-ion batteries are widely used in the electric vehicles to replace the traditional energy sources, and their performance is directly related to the performance of vehicles. Temperature is the primary factor influencing the working characteristic of the Li-ion batteries, which is especially reflected in the fact that if the Li-ion batteries operate under a very high temperature for a long time, the performance of the batteries will decay quickly, even thermal runaway will occur. Therefore it is important to study the heat dissipation method of Li-ion batteries. Firstly, the influence of high temperature on the performance of Li-ion batteries is analyzed from the charging mechanism and melting process of the batteries. Then the principles, characteristics and applications of four heat dissipation methods, namely, air cooling, liquid cooling, phase change material cooling and heat pipe cooling, are summarized. Finally, the characteristics of the four different cooling methods are compared from different aspects.