采用光电图像测量技术改进的单缝衍射实验

Improved Single Slit Diffraction Experiment Based on Photoelectric Image Measurement Technique

针对目前单缝衍射实验教学中存在的学生实验测量耗时、实验精度不高的现状,提出了采用普通摄像头构建光电图像测量系统以改进激光单缝衍射实验的方法;该光电图像测量系统利用带USB接口的摄像头作为测量工具,使用C#实现图像的采集、处理,并完成一种新的衍射光强极小值搜索算法和图像像素尺寸定标算法,从而实现单缝衍射±1级衍射光强极小值间距的自动测量;实验结果表明:应用该改进方法能使传统单缝衍射实验实现数字化、可视化和现代化;与传统的测量方法相比,该改进方法能迅速、有效且高精度地实现测量,为实验中的学生进行理论分析留出了充足的时间,因而能有效提高学生在实验中的学习效率。

In order to solve the problem of long time testing and low precision in the measurement of single slit diffraction experiment,a novel method by using the common camera to construct a photo-electric image measurement system to realize the measurement of the single-slit diffraction experiment illuminated by a laser is proposed. In this method,a camera with USB is used as a measuring tool. The image acquisition and processing software is programmed by using C# software. The automatic measurement of the distance between the ±1st order minimum of the single-slit diffraction is realized based on the algorithm of the image processing. Experimental results show that the proposed method can realize the digitization,visualization and modernization of the traditional single-slit diffraction experiment and also can implement the measurement quickly,effectively and accurately compared with the traditional measurement method. It will allow sufficient time for the student’s theoretical analysis in the experiment. Therefore, this method can effectively improve the students learning efficiency in the experiment.