实习护生职业防护的现况调查与对策研究

Investigation and Countermeasure Study on Occupational Protection of Internship Nursing Students

目的:了解学院护理实习生职业防护的现状以及调查引起职业损伤的原因,并分析和探讨发生职业损伤后所采取的措施,从而提高护理学生预防及应对职业防护的能力。方法:采用问卷调查法对120名高职实习护生职业损伤发生的原因及发生的频次进行回顾性研究。结果:结果显示实习护生心理性危害发生率最高(46.0%),其次为机械性危害(30.0%)、物理性危害(19.0%)和生化性危害(5.0%)。原因可能是实习护生初入临床,职业防护意识薄弱,缺乏工作经验以及与病人、家属沟通交流的经验,从而造成一定程度心理上的负担。本次调查中80.3%的高职实习护生接受过职业防护培训,从一定程度上减少了实习护生的机械性危害。结论:实习护生职业防护意识相对薄弱,应着重加强他们的自身防护意识,开展健康教育讲座、知识竞赛,从而从根本上降低职业损伤的发生率。

Objective:To understand the present situation of occupational protection of nursing interns in college and to investigate the causes of occupational protection,and to analyze and discuss the measures taken after occupational injury,so as to improve the ability of nursing students to prevent and cope with occupational injury.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on the causes and frequency of occupational injury of 120 nursing students in higher vocational colleges by questionnaire.Results:The results showed that the incidence of psychological hazard was the highest(46.0%),followed by mechanical hazard(30.0%),physical hazard(19.0%)and biochemical hazard(5.0%).The reason may be that the clinical practice students,the weak awareness of occupational protection,the lack of work experience and the experience of communicating with the patients and family members,resulting in a certain degree of psychological burden.In this survey,80.3%of the nursing students in higher vocational colleges had received vocational protection training,which reduced the occurrence of mechanical hazard to some extent.Conclusion:The awareness of occupational protection of nursing students is relatively weak.We should focus on strengthening their awareness of self-protection,conducting health education lectures and knowledge competitions,so as to fundamentally reduce the incidence of occupational injury.