湘南某铀矿山周边水体放射性金属及重金属污染特征

Distribution characteristics of radioactive metals and heavy metals in the surface water around a uranium-mine in southern Hunan

对湘南某铀矿山周边地表水进行取样,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对20个样本进行放射性金属和重金属元素分析。利用SPSS软件研究了样本中重金属以及放射性元素间的相关性,并采用内梅罗指数法对水质进行评价。结果表明,Ⅰ号水体(矿区附近的小溪)大部分重金属及放射性金属浓度远高于Ⅱ号水体(主干河流),矿区周边地表水中Tl、Ni元素超标。放射性元素U和重金属元素Pb、Ni、Tl、Cu、Co、Zn的含量在0.05水平或0.01水平上显著相关,表明其污染源可能相同。矿区水体污染主要来源于矿井水、碎矿废水、渣场淋浸产生的废水,该矿区水体水质整体评价处于优良水平。

Through sampling the surface water that was from one uranium mine in southern Hunan, the radioactive metals and heavy metals of 20 water samples were analyzed by the method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). The correlation among the heavy metals and the radioactive metals were researched by the SPSS. Moreover, the method of Nemero index was selected to evaluate the water quality. The results indicated that the content of the most heavy metal and the radioactive metals of Water-Ⅰ(steams near the mine) was higher than that of Water-Ⅱ(the main river), and the content of Tl, Ni in Water-Ⅰ exceed standard. The content of the radioactive metals of U and the heavy metal elements Pb, Ni, Tl, Cu, Co and Zn, was significantly related at 0.05 level or 0.01 level, which indicated that the source of this metals was possibly same. The main pollution sources of uranium mining were the waste water from mining, crushing rocks and waste rock yards. The uranium mine as a whole was at an excellent level.