教育扩张、社会转型与教育机会不平等的变迁

Education Expansion, Social Transformation and the Change of Educational Attainment Inequality

教育机会获得是社会流动的重要表现。使用中国家庭动态追踪调查数据,分析了中国教育机会不平等在教育扩张与社会体制转型背景下的变化。基于现有研究的理论,提出了三个假设,分别涉及教育规模扩张、社会阶层不平等、教育市场化与教育机会不平等的关系。接着,通过区域比较方法,研究发现教育扩张与教育机会不平等没有必然联系,但社会不平等程度与教育市场化水平的增强,却会强化教育机会不平等,特别是强化了质量上的教育机会不平等。上述发现对于解决我国教育机会不平等的问题,提供了有别于现代化理论的思路。

Educational attainment is important to social mobility in modern society. Using data from China Family Panel Studies, the paper analyses the impact of education expansion and social transformation on educational attainment inequality. The results show that there is no inevitable connection between education expansion and educational attainment inequality, but the increase in social inequality and the level of educational marketization will intensify educational attainment inequality, especially the inequality of educational attainment in quality. These findings support the views of structuralism and institutionalism, and propose ideas that are different from the modernization theory for measures to reduce the educational attainment inequality in China.