黑龙江企业职工基本养老保险基金“穿底”的成因及对策

The Underlying Implications of Double Deficits in Enterprise Employee Basic Pension Fund of Helongjiang Province and Its Fixing Recommendations

目前,我国多个省份企业职工基本养老金告急,其中黑龙江省最为严重。造成目前黑龙江企业职工基本养老金“穿底”困局的原因,既有人口老龄化持续加快、转制成本庞大的共性因素,也有老工业基地积聚的产业工人历史包袱沉重、基本养老保险抚养比过低以及“农垦系统”“森工系统”等特有因素。为此,我们从中央和黑龙江两个层面提出了相关政策建议。从中央来看,以制度改革为突破口,尽快建立全国企业职工基本养老金“统收统支”制度,从根本上解决养老金“穿底”问题,同时,对黑龙江省的特殊因素有针对性地给予政策倾斜;就黑龙江省而言,应立足现实,激发经济活力,极力吸引和留住劳动力,为基本养老金提供动力源泉。

Now there are quite a few provinces whose enterprise basic pension fund face serious deficits, among them, Helongjiang province is the number one. The underlying implications of Helongjiang province have the common issue as accelerating aging population, enormous transforming cost, also the special dilemma of accumulated burden of industry workers of old industry bases, lower dependency rate of basic pension, old farm industry system, forest industry system. To fix the problems, the article will present its policy recommendations from the central and local government levels. At the central government level, by the system reform, the integrated collection and expenditure of national enterprise basic pension will be set up to fix the deficits of pension. At Helongjiang province level, special policy will be presented to fix its special issues. Also, Helongjiang province may try its best to acknowledge its reality, encourage its economic development, attract and keep the labor at home to provide resource for basic pension fund.