农业超额利润率国际比较研究——基于WIOD数据的马克思经济学分析

International Comparative Research on Agricultural Extra Profit Rate

在考虑两大部类利润率差异的基础上估算出10个国家的一般利润率,然后以此为参照基准推知各行业获得超额利润率进而对垄断行业进行判别。研究结果显示:所有国家的房地产行业都能获得可观的超额利润率并且在德、法、日、中、印等国呈现上升态势;多数发达国家农业的超额利润仅次于房地产业,并且在法国、韩国、日本、澳大利亚等国当中均能获得较高的超额利润率,但是中国农业的超额利润率则排在所有行业的末尾。农业生产率低下以及西方农业巨头对全球农业产业链的垄断不利于我国农业获取相应地租,是造成我国农业利润率过低的主要原因。这一发现在制定与实施产业政策方面有明显的政策启示。

This paper estimates the general rate of profit of 10 countries based on considering profit rates' difference of two departments,then studies on the monopoly industries from the perspectives of their surplus-profits.The results show that the real estate industry's surplus-profits in all countries are considerable,and this industry's surplus-profits rate in Germany,France,Japan,China and India continues to increase.In most developed countries,the surplus-profits rates in agriculture are second only to the real estate industry,and higher surplus-profits rate are obtained in France,South Korea,Japan and Australia,however,this rate in China's agriculture ranked last in all industries.The low agricultural productivity and the monopoly of western agricultural giants on the global agricultural chain are not conducive to obtain ground-rent in China's agriculture,which are the main reasons for the low profit rate in China's agriculture.These findings have significant enlightenment on making industrial policy.