马克思和西美尔货币现代性批判之比较

On the Comparison of Marx’s and Simmel’s Currency Modernity Criticism

马克思和西美尔两位思想家都不约而同把“货币”作为对现代社会进行批判的一个视角,他们的货币现代性批判存在着共有的内在程式:物化-幻化-异化,并对置身于货币化生存世界的现代人的生存境遇持有深深的忧患意识。所不同的是,马克思对货币的政治经济学分析路径主要侧重社会关系结构和社会制度层面,回归到货币经济生产实践的深处,为人的全面自由发展寻找到可行的现实之路;而西美尔对货币的文化社会学分析路径主要侧重主体的精神心理和社会文化层面,其浓厚的宿命论色调难免会陷入文化悲观主义,只能采取“与货币文化保持距离”的自我救赎策略。

Marx and Simmel were two great ideologists who invariably used "currency" as a perspective to criticize modern society.Their studies had a common internal program,that is the "materialization-illusion-alienation" and held a deep sense of hardship about the living situation of modern people living in a monetized world.It is different that Marx's political economic analysis path of money mainly focused on social relations structure and the level of social system,returned to the depths of monetary economic production practice,and found a feasible realistic path for the full and free development of human beings.Simmel's cultural sociological analysis on money mainly focused on the spiritual psychology and social cultural aspects of the individual.His strong fatalistic color would inevitably fall into cultural pessimism and could only adopt the self-salvation strategy of "keeping distance from monetary culture".