关于《长江保护法》明确“生态水量”的思考与建议

Thoughts and suggestions on defining “Ecological Water Quantity”in the Yangtze River Protection Law

现阶段的流域环境管理,越来越重视河流、湿地或河口的生态功能,强调保证生态水量。但通过梳理相关法律法规,发现存在法律中涉及生态水量问题的规定较少、对于"生态水量"一词的用法不统一、规定可操作性不强、维持合理水位的目的不统一、水量调度考虑生态环境保护的因素较少等问题。针对以上问题,建议在《长江保护法》中明确"生态水量"的内涵、生态水位的标准和设置目的、下泄水量(非汛期)时考虑流速的因素、设置预警流量。

At present,in the field of watershed environmental management,more and more attention has been paid to the ecological functions of rivers,wetlands or estuaries,and the guarantee of ecological water quantity has been emphasized.However,by sorting out the relevant laws and regulations,it is found that there are fewer provisions concerning ecological water quantity in the law,different usage of the term "ecological water quantity",weak operability of the provisions,inconsistent purpose of maintaining reasonable water level,and fewer factors of considering ecological environmental protection in water quantity dispatching.In view of these problems,It is suggested that the connotation of "ecological water quantity",the standard of ecological water level and the purpose of setting up ecological water level should be clarified in the Yangtze River Protection Law.The factors of flow velocity should be taken into account when discharging water quantity (non-flood season ),and the early warning discharge should be set up.