重金属呼吸暴露风险评估在垃圾焚烧设施环评中的应用

Research on heavy metal inhalation exposure risk assessment in environmental impact assessment of solid waste incinerator

以某生活垃圾焚烧发电厂为例,结合区域本底浓度,采用Aermod模型对项目实施后周边大气中As、Pb、Cd和Hg重金属污染物浓度的预测结果表明,各重金属最大日均浓度叠加值均可满足GB3095标准限值要求,浓度水平Pb>Hg>Cd>As,各类重金属呼吸暴露健康风险均在可接受水平。项目实施前后非致癌风险均为儿童>成年男性>成年女性,但实施前风险水平Pb>As>Cd>Hg,实施后Hg>Pb>As>Cd。项目实施前后致癌风险As>Cd,成年男性>成年女性>儿童。各污染物在环境空气中的浓度水平与非致癌风险或致癌风险高低未呈现一致性规律,儿童和成年男性是需要予以重点关注的暴露群体。该研究旨在为环保主管部门优化项目和区域重金属排放控制和协同管理,实现项目和周边环境相协调,降低人群健康风险提供科学依据。

The concentration of atmospheric heavy metal of As,Pb,Cd and Hg surrounding an municipal solid waste incinerator to be built is predicted by using AERMOD model.The result shows that the average concentration of each metal can meet Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3095-2012 ),Pb>Hg>Cd>As.Based on the predicted concentration levels,the risks exposed to human health are quantified and assessed.It demonstrates that non-carcinogenic health risk and carcinogenic risk of heavy metal via inhalation exposure are under an acceptable level before and after the operation of the municipal solid waste incinerator.Additionally,non-carcinogenic risk is child>adult male>adult female before and after the project implementation.The risk level is Pb>As>Cd>Hg before the implementation,and after the implementation is Hg>Pb>As>Cd.For carcinogenic risk,it shows that As>Cd,adult male>adult female>child.There is no consistency between the concentration level of each heavy metal pollutant in the ambient air and its non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk level.Children and adult males are exposed groups that need to be paid more attention.The research aims to provide key management targets for relevant government agencies for controlling regional heavy metal emission,optimizing collaborative management and reducing population health risks.