自动化泥浆循环净化装置机械系统设计与研制

Design and Development of Mechanical System for an Automatic Mud Circulation and Purification Device

针对水文地质钻探现场中通过人工捞砂处理泥浆的低质低效问题,石油等领域结构复杂、体积庞大、功耗巨大的固控设备无法直接移植借鉴,现今大多数解决方案仅仅是在泥水分离方法上从开挖沉淀池过渡到使用筛分机械,尽管能够提高泥浆净化效率,但仍无法克服占地面积大并伴随严重污染的局限性。为此,设计了一种组合配浆、混浆和泥浆净化的泥浆处理装置机械系统。结合沉淀法与机械分离法,将箱体与振动筛组合为一体,通过管道实现泥浆不落地的输运存储和筛分净化;联接泥浆泵、振动筛、搅拌器等工作部件线路并接入PLC,通过控制面板进行远端的自动及半自动控制;优化部件装配结构,达到拆装方便、车载运移的目的。针对青海省高海拔、极端气温等复杂地质与气候环境下工作泵压较正常情况偏低、工作介质结冰等问题,调节电路部件功率并增设温度调节设备,同时结合地质勘察领域对绿色勘查的环保要求,研制了一种自动化泥浆净化循环装置。经过现场试验验证,该装置能够在手动或自动模式下平稳高效地完成泥浆净化循环工作,运行过程中泥浆分散均匀且性质稳定,在现场工作规程下处理量可达60 m^3/h,不含电加热总功率小于32 kW。该型装置适合于工程地质勘察钻探、水文地质及水井钻探等较小规模施工应用。

In view with of the low quality and inefficiency of slurry treatment by artificial salvage in hydrogeological drilling,solids control equipment with complex structure,huge volume and extreme power consumption in oil field can not be directly transplanted for reference.Nowadays,most of the solutions are just moving from excavating sedimentation tank to making use of vibrating screen.Although there is a significant improvement of efficiency in slurry purification by this way,they still can not get rid of the shortcomings of occupying large area and causing severe pollution.In order to solve the above existing problems,a mechanical system of slurry treatment equipment is designed,which combines slurry making,mixing and purification.Combining two purification theory,i.e.,sedimentation and mechanical separation,the box body and vibration screen are assembled,making slurry transported,stored and screened through pipes;connecting the circuits of working parts like slurry pump,vibration screen,agitator and collecting them to PLC,remote automatic and semi-automatic control can be realized with control panel;optimizing the assembly structure of all components to achieve shortcut disassembly and assembly,loading and transportation.Aiming at the problems of low working pump pressure and icing of working medium in complex geological and climatic environments such as high altitude and extreme temperature in Qinghai Province,according to the requirements for environmental protection of green exploration in geological prospecting,an automatic mud circulation and purification device has been developed by adjusting the power of circuit components and adding temperature regulating equipment.The field test result show that the device can complete the mud purification cycle smoothly and efficiently in manual or automatic mode,the mud can be uniformly dispersed and stable in operation even while the processing capacity reach 60 under the field operating rules,and the total power of electric heating is below 32 kW without considering heating consumption.The study results further indicated that the device developed in this paper is suitable for the light and simple application of small scale construction such as engineering geological exploration,hydrogeology and water well drilling.