明清时期来华传教士的词汇翻译及其影响研究

A study of the lexicon translation by missionaries to China in Ming and Qing dynasties

明清时期来华的西方传教士在西学中译过程中进行了大量汉语词汇的译创工作。明末的耶稣会士打下了词汇翻译的基础,清末的来华传教士则把这一工作推向新的高度。通过回顾传教士汉语词汇翻译的历史进程,研究他们在翻译过程中如何一方面顺应中国文化及语言特征,另一方面努力从意义和形式上进行创新,最终丰富了现代汉语的词汇体系,并推动汉语的现代化转型。

The missionaries to China in Ming and Qing dynasties established a large amount of new terms in Chinese while translating western knowledge into Chinese.The early Jesuits laid the foundation of lexicon translation,while the later missionaries in the Qing Dynasty pushed the work to its new high.This paper reviews the history of their lexicon translation,and studies how the missionaries on the one hand adapted to Chinese culture and language while translating,and on the other hand endeavored to make innovations in both the form and the meaning of the new Chinese terms,ultimately enriching the lexicon system of modern Chinese,and pushing the Chinese language for the modernization turn.