应用超声骨刀行改良棘突椎板韧带复合体回植术治疗胸椎管内良性肿瘤

Treatment of benign tumors in thoracic spinal canal by modified replanting posterior ligament complex applying piezoelectric osteotomy

目的探讨应用超声骨刀行改良棘突椎板韧带复合体(posterior ligament complex,PLC)回植术治疗原发性胸椎管内良性肿瘤的可行性及疗效。方法回顾分析2014年3月-2016年3月收治并获完整随访的38例原发性胸椎管内良性肿瘤患者临床资料。其中男16例,女22例;年龄21~72岁,平均47.1岁。病程6~57个月,平均32.6个月。病理检查示神经鞘瘤24例、脊膜瘤6例、室管膜瘤4例、脂肪瘤2例、皮样囊肿2例。病变位于单节段18例,双节段15例,3节段5例;肿物长度0.7~6.5 cm,肿瘤与脊髓、马尾及神经根存在界限。术前日本骨科协会(JOA)评分为(12.2±2.3)分,胸椎Cobb角为(11.7±2.7)°。采用超声骨刀行改良PLC回植、显微镜下肿瘤切除术。术中保留一侧棘上、棘间韧带连续性,将PLC向侧方掀起显露,显微镜下摘除肿瘤后将带蒂PLC原位回植,双侧微型重建钛板固定。术后行X线片、CT及MRI检查,观察脊柱稳定性、椎管成形及肿瘤切除情况,采用JOA评分进行临床效果评定。结果手术时间为56~142 min,平均77.1 min;术中出血量为110~370 mL,平均217.2 mL。所有患者肿瘤完整切除,切口愈合良好。3例出现脑脊液漏,无脊髓损伤、感染等相关并发症发生。38例患者均获随访,随访时间24~28个月,平均27.2个月。随访期间无内固定物松动移位及其他相关并发症发生。末次随访时X线片复查未见脊柱侧后凸畸形及失稳征象;CT复查椎板无移位及继发椎管容积减小,椎板均骨性愈合;MRI示肿瘤无复发。末次随访时,胸椎Cobb角为(12.3±4.1)°,与术前比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.753,P=0.456);JOA评分为(23.7±3.8)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=15.960,P=0.000);其中优14例、良18例、中6例,优良率84.2%。结论应用超声骨刀行改良PLC回植、微型重建钛板内固定术治疗原发性胸椎管内良性肿瘤,可恢复椎管正常解剖,操作安全,患者可早期活动,疗效较好。

Objective To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of modified replanting posterior ligament complex(PLC) applying piezoelectric osteotomy in the treatment of primary benign tumors in thoracic spinal canal.Methods The clinical data of 38 patients with primary benign tumors in thoracic spinal canal between March 2014 and March 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 16 males and 22 females, aged from 21 to 72 years(mean, 47.1 years). The disease duration ranged from 6 to 57 months(mean, 32.6 months). Pathological examination showed 24 cases of schwannoma, 6 cases of meningioma, 4 cases of ependymoma, 2 cases of lipoma, and 2 cases of dermoid cyst. The lesions located in 18 cases of single segment, 15 cases of double segments, and 5 cases of three segments. The length of the tumors ranged from 0.7 to 6.5 cm. There were boundaries between the tumors and the spinal cord, cauda equina, and nerve roots. The preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) score was 12.2±2.3 and the thoracic Cobb angle was(11.7±2.7)°. Modified PLC replantation and microsurgical resection were performed with piezoelectric osteotomy.Continuity of uniside supraspinal and interspinous ligaments were preserved during the operation. The PLC was exposed laterally. After removing the tumors under the microscope, the pedicled PLC was replanted in situ and fixed with bilateral micro-reconstruction titanium plate. X-ray film, CT, and MRI examinations were performed to observe spinal stability,spinal canal plasty, and tumor resection after operation. The effectiveness was evaluated by JOA score. Results The operation time was 56-142 minutes(mean, 77.1 minutes). The intraoperative blood loss was 110-370 mL(mean,217.2 mL). The tumors were removed completely and the incisions healed well. Three cases complicated with cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and there was no complications such as spinal cord injury and infection. All the 38 patients were followed up 24-28 months(mean, 27.2 months). There was no internal fixation loosening, malposition, or other related complications. At last follow-up, X-ray films showed no sign of kyphosis and instability. CT showed no displacement of vertebral lamina and reduction of secondary spinal canal volume, and vertebral lamina healed well. MRI showed no recurrence of tumors. At last follow-up, the thoracic Cobb angle was(12.3±4.1)°, showing no significant difference when compared with preoperative value(t=0.753, P=0.456). JOA score increased to 23.7±3.8, showing significant difference when compared with preoperative value(t=15.960, P=0.000). Among them, 14 cases were excellent,18 were good, 6 were fair, and the excellent and good rate was 84.2%. Conclusion Modified replanting PLC applying piezoelectric osteotomy and micro-reconstruction with titanium plate for the primary benign tumors in thoracic spinal canal can reconstruct the anatomy of the spinal canal, enable patients to recover daily activities quickly. It is an effective and safe treatment.