中国对外贸易结构审视、失衡原因及历史启示

Reflections on China’s Foreign Trade Structure, Causes of Imbalance and Historic Lessons

中国是贸易大国,在世界贸易体系中占重要地位,但存在出口产品中高附加值产品比重较低、价格相对较低,基础货币中外汇占款比重较高等结构性问题。中国对外贸易失衡深层次的原因在于,粗放型的经济增长方式、以货币和商品单向流动为主的贸易模式,与不合理的国际货币体系交织在一起,制约了国内需求增长,也给宏观调控带来较大的考验与压力。因此,应从历史中汲取经验,重新确定中国在世界分工贸易体系中的角色,深化供给侧结构性改革,加快人民币国际化进程,提升贸易竞争力,以利于经济的长期稳定增长。

China is a large trading nation and occupies an important position in world trade. However, there are many structural problems in China's foreign trade, such as inadequate high value added export products, low prices and high proportion of foreign remittances in basic currencies. The underlying causes of China's foreign trade imbalance are extensive economic growth mode,one-way currency and commodity flow mode and unreasonable international monetary system intertwined, which restricted the growth of domestic demand and brought great test and pressure to macro-control. Therefore, we should draw lessons from history, and redefine China's role in the world division of trade system. Besides, we should deepen supply-side structural reform, and accelerate the internationalization of the RMB. We should enhance trade competitiveness to promote long-term stable economic growth.