邻避冲突治理结构的反思与重塑——基于案例的实证分析

Reflections and Reshaping of Governance on Not-in-My-Backyard——Case-Based Empirical Analysis

当前,一系列邻避现象突显了政府和民众之间缺乏法律程序理性的“无规则互动”。邻避设施“一闹就停”的背后,折射出政府的治理结构无法因应邻避难题。一般而言,邻避抗争者的行动策略可归结为“前期的隐忍谋和后期的过度诉求”二阶模式。与此相对,政府的因应是在经济发展和社会稳定的基本立场左右下,依次采取强硬、妥协和正当化的策略。在科技理性和维稳政治的两极化邻避冲突治理结构中,现行以技术官僚为主力的环境治理范式在处理邻避问题时,往往在科技迷思与政治运作之间徘徊。为此,应当从邻避设施选址引入公众参与、事中加强邻避设施运营环保督察、事后为邻避冲突攸关方提供沟通协商渠道等法律程序维度重塑邻避冲突治理结构。

A series of NIMBY (Not in my backyard )phenomena occurring currently highlights the “interaction without rules ”between the government and citizens,featuring the lack of reason of legal procedures.Behind the “stop in the case of troubles ”of some public environment projects,the failure of tackling NIMBY difficulties with the existing governance structure is reflected.Generally,the action strategy of protesters in NIMBY conflicts mainly consists of two stages:the early-stage tolerance and the late-stage excessive demands and self-protection.Correspondingly,the government would adopt the tough,compromising and legalization strategies successively on the basis of economic development and social stability according to the response mode.Under the control of the polarized NIMBY conflict management structure of technological rationality and stability maintenance politics,the government dominated by technology bureaucracy is usually wandering between technology myth and political operation while dealing with NIMBY issues.To this end,we should introduce public participation from the location of NIMBY conflicts,strengthen environmental protection supervision of the operation of NIMBY conflicts,and provide communication and consultation channels for NIMBY conflict stakeholders afterwards to reshape the governance structure of NIMBY conflicts.