以色列人才战略的演变

The Evolution of Israel’s Talent Strategy

以色列从1948年建国到20世纪90年代,其高技术移民的集群式增长非常规地丰富了国家的人才储备。与此同时,发达的高等教育也培养了大批的优质人才,使以色列成为中东地区智力优势最为明显的国家。但自20世纪末以来,全球性的人才流动与强烈的竞争态势给以色列的人才资源带来了挑战。本文从高技术移民的吸收与融合、本土化人才培养及国际引智三个方面梳理了70年来以色列政府储备人才的主要战略,并分析了当今以色列人才流失现象及其原因。

From the founding in 1948 to the 1990s,the cluster growth of Israel's highly skilled immigrants has irregularly enriched the country's talent reserves.At the same time,developed higher education has also trained a large number of high-quality talents,making the country with the most obvious intellectual advantage in the Middle East.However,since the end of the 20th century,the global talent flow and strong competition situation have brought challenges to Israel's talent resources.This article combs the main strategy of Israel's government to reserve talents in the past 70 years from three aspects:the absorption and integration of high-tech immigrants,local talent training and international talent introduction,and also analyzes the phenomenon and causes of the brain drain in Israel today.