非洲猪瘟疫苗研究进展

Progress in Development of a Vaccine against African Swine Fever

非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)引起的以钝缘蜱为传播媒介的急性、热性、高度接触性传染病,可感染各品种和各年龄段的家猪及野猪,死亡率可达100%。2018年8月3日中国发生首例非洲猪瘟疫情。由于非洲猪瘟病毒基因组十分庞大,免疫逃逸机制十分复杂,以及现阶段对非洲猪瘟病毒保护性免疫知之甚少,导致迄今为止仍无有效疫苗问世。近年来,随着现代生物学的发展,非洲猪瘟疫苗研发取得了较大的进展,本文对现有的非洲猪瘟疫苗研究进展进行综述,以期为中国非洲猪瘟疫苗的研发提供参考。

African swine fever(ASF)is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by the African swine fever virus(ASFV). Ornithodoros species are the vectors of the ASFV. Ornithodoros species can infect domestic pigs and wild pigs of all ages,and the mortality rate is up to 100%. On 3 August 2018,the first ASF epidemic in China was documented. The mechanism by which the ASFV evades the immune system of the host is very complex. Also,little is known about protective immunity against the ASFV. Hence,an efficacious vaccine to counteract the ASFV has not been developed. Nevertheless,in recent years,research and development into a vaccine against ASF has made considerable progress,which we summarize here. We hope that our summary can be a reference for the research and development of a vaccine against ASF in China.