东北地区中小流域污染综合防控策略探析

Discussion on Comprehensive Prevention and Control Strategy of Small and Medium-sized Basin Pollution in Northeast China

我国正在经历城镇化发展过程,形成了中小流域不同河段的自然形态和污染特征。文章以白塔堡河为研究对象,通过梳理重点污染源及污染物分布特征,分析诊断农村段、城镇段和城市段河道所存在的问题。结果认为,退耕封育和物理隔离可有效控制农业面源和畜禽养殖污染,是农村河段短期内实现生态保护目标的重要方式。城镇河段的治理重点在于消除住宅小区的生活污水直排现象,严格控制非法排污口可明显河道水质。城市河段必须确保污水厂正常运行并尽量实现雨污分流,同时应强化生态修复以丰富生物多样性并构建优美的水景观。

China is experiencing urbanization,resulting in the river morphology and pollution characteristics of different river sections in the current small and medium drainage basins.This paper took the Baitapu River as the research object,and analyzed the problems existing in the river sections of rural and urban sections by investigating the key pollution sources and pollutant distribution.The results show that returning farmland and physical isolation can effectively control the agricultural nonpoint source and the breeding pollutions of livestock and poultry,which is an important way to achieve ecological protection goals in rural rivers in the short term.The governance of urban rivers focused on eliminating the direct discharge of domestic sewage in residential quarters.Strict control of illegal sewage outlets can significantly increase the water quality of rivers.Urban river sections must ensure the smooth operation of the wastewater treatment plants and maximize the distribution of rain and sewage.At the same time,ecological restoration should be strengthened to enrich biodiversity and construct a beautiful water landscape.