儿童术中压力性损伤发生特征及影响因素分析

Characteristic of intra-operative pressure injury in children and related influencing factors

目的回顾性分析儿童手术患者术中压力性损伤的影响因素。方法抽取2017年1月—2018年12月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院手术中发生皮肤压力性损伤的24例患儿的临床资料,分析引起术中压力性损伤发生的相关因素。结果 24例患儿中,1期压力性损伤17例,2期7例;损伤部位35处,以头面部最多21(60.00%)处;神经外科手术术中发生压力性损伤最多,为12例,其次为肝移植手术7例。<4岁的儿童以及手术时长超过4 h是术中压力性损伤的影响因素。结论护理管理者可通过影响压力性损伤的因素建立适合儿童术中压力性损伤的风险评估机制,以期改善儿童术中压力性损伤的预防及护理质量。

Objective To retrospectively analyze the factors influencing the intra-operative pressure injury in children. Methods The clinical data of 24 children suffered from intra-operative pressure injury were retrospectively analyzed. Potential factors influencing the development of intra-operative pressure injury were analyzed. Results Of 24 pediatric patients, 17 cases with stage 1 pressure injury, 7 cases with stage 2 pressure injury. The head and face region were most vulnerable to the injury, accounting for 60.00%. In terms of surgery type, 12 cases of pressure injuries was reported in the neurosurgery, and 7 cases was reported in the liver transplant surgery. Children less than 4 years of age and surgery lasting more than 4 hours were two key factors influencing the intra-operative pressure injury in children. Conclusion A risk assessment system based on the influencing factors should be established, in order to improve the quality of preventive measures for intra-operative pressure injury in children.