长春市净月区颗粒物重金属污染特征及健康风险评价

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in particulate matter in Jingyue area,Changchun City

为了解长春市净月区不同粒径颗粒物重金属的污染特征及健康风险,于2017年4-6月采集PM1、PM2.5、PM5、PM10及总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)样品,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定8种重金属(Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni、V、Co、Sb、Mn)及Al浓度,采用富集因子法判断8种重金属的富集程度,进一步结合健康风险评价模型对人群健康风险进行评估。结果表明,净月区4月PM2.5、PM10、TSP均超出《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)二级标准。8种重金属中,Sb、Pb浓度相对较高,Pb主要富集在细颗粒物(PM1、PM2.5、PM5)上,Cd、Ni、Mn、V、Sb主要富集在粗颗粒物(PM10、TSP)上,富集因子排序为Sb>Cd>Pb>Co>Cr>Ni>V>Mn。Cd、Cr、Ni、V、Mn的非致癌风险熵(HQ)小于1,非致癌风险水平可接受;Sb的HQ大于1,对人群存在非致癌风险。Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni的致癌风险值R大于10-6,存在致癌风险。

The PM1,PM2.5,PM5,PM10 and total suspended particulate matter(TSP)samples in Jingyue area of Changchun City were collected from April to June in 2017 to investigate the pollution characteristics and health risks of heavy metals in particulate matter.The concentration of 8 heavy metals(Pb,Cd,Cr,Ni,V,Co,Sb,Mn)and Al were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry(ICP-OES),the enrichment degree of this 8 heavy metals was evaluated by the enrichment factor method,and their risk to human health were assessed by health assessment models.The results showed that the concentrations of PM2.5,PM10 and TSP in April exceeded secondary standard of ambient air quality standard(GB 3095-2012),the concentration of Sb,Pb was relatively higher than others,Pb were mainly concentrated on fine particles(PM1,PM2.5,PM5),while Cd,Ni,Mn,V,Sb were mainly concentrated on coarse particles(PM10,TSP).The enrichment factors of 8 heavy metals followed the order of Sb>Cd>Pb>Co>Cr> Ni> V> Mn.The non-carcinogenic hazard values(HQ)of Cd,Cr,Ni,V and Mn were respectively less than 1,indicating their non-carcinogenic risk was acceptable.As for Sb,the HQ was greater than 1,which existed non-carcinogenic risks to the human health.The carcinogenic risk values R of Pb,Cd,Cr and Ni were respectively more than 10-6,which means they had certain cancer risk to human health.