宁春4号与河东乌麦杂交F2产量相关性状和抗病性及其QTL分析

Analysis of Yield-Related Traits,Disease Resistance and Their QTLs of F2 Hybrids from Ningchun No.4 and Hedong Black Wheat

在明确宁春4号与河东乌麦各自遗传性状的基础上,以宁春4号与河东乌麦杂交F2群体的331个单株为材料,进行产量相关性状、抗病性及其QTL分析,以期为宁夏回族自治区小麦遗传改良提供基因资源。结果表明,产量相关性状在F2群体均出现较大分离,有效分蘖数、经济系数的群体平均值分别为7.05个、0.37,均超过高亲亲本(分别为6.31个、0.31),超高亲比例分别达57.40%、75.23%;穗粒数、穗粒质量的群体平均值分别为33.07粒、1.19g,均低于低亲亲本(36.49粒、1.22g),超中亲比例分别达34.14%、33.84%,超高亲比例分别达34.14%、26.88%。类群Ⅰ的平均穗粒数最多(49.25粒)、穗粒质量最高(1.61g),类群Ⅴ的有效分蘖数最多(14.50个),类群Ⅶ的经济系数最高(0.46),为优异产量相关性状类群。有效分蘖数与穗粒数、穗粒质量,穗粒数与穗粒质量、经济系数,穗粒质量与经济系数均呈极显著正相关。分别有9.97%、0.91%、0.60%的单株表现为高抗白粉病(1~2级)、条锈病(1级)、叶锈病(1级),10.57%、15.41%、15.11%的单株表现为中抗白粉病(3~4级)、条锈病(2级)、叶锈病(2级),79.46%、83.69%、84.29%的单株表现为感白粉病(5~8级)、条锈病(3~4级)、叶锈病(3~4级)。有15.11%的单株同时抗白粉病、条锈病,13.29%的单株同时抗白粉病和叶锈病,9.67%的单株同时抗条锈病、叶锈病,8.76%的单株同时抗白粉病、条锈病、叶锈病。利用新开发的13个SSR标记共发掘出25个产量相关性状和抗病性相关QTL,涉及2A、4A、5A、1B、2B、3B、5D、6D、7D等9条染色体,加性效应为-0.19~1.57,表型贡献率为2%~9%,LOD值最大为23.40。其中,4A、5A、1B、3B、5D、6D染色体存在产量相关性状和抗病性QTL富集区。

Three hundred and thirty-one individual plants of F2 hybrids from Ningchun No.4 and Hedong black wheat were used as materials based on the clear genetic traits of Ningchun No.4 and Hedong black wheat,and yield-related traits,diseases resistance of F2 hybrids and their QTLs were analyzed,so as to provide available gene resources for genetic improvement of wheat in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.The results showed that the segregation of yield-related traits in F2 hybrids was significant.The average values of effective tillering number and economic coefficient were 7.05 and 0.37 respectively,which were all over the high parent(6.31 and 0.31),and the proportions of ultra-high parent were 57.40% and 75.23% respectively.The average values of kernel number per spike and grain weight per spike were 33.07 and 1.19 g respectively,which were all under the low parent(36.49 and 1.22 g),the proportions of ultra-mid parent were 34.14% and 33.84% respectively,and the proportions of ultra-high parent were 34.14% and 26.88% respectively.Cluster Ⅰhad the highest kernel number per spike(49.25) and grain weight per spike(1.61 g),clusterⅤhad the highest effective tillering number(14.50),and cluster Ⅶ had the highest economic coefficient(0.46),which were good clusters for yield-related traits.There were significantly positive correlation between effective tillering number and kernel number per spike,grain weight per spike respectively,between kernel number per spike and grain weight per spike,economic coefficient respectively,between grain weight per spike and economic coefficient.There were 9.97%,0.91% and 0.60% individual plants showing high resistance to powdery mildew,stripe rust and leaf rust,and the disease grades were 1-2,1 and 1 respectively.There were 10.57%,15.41% and 15.11% plants showing moderate resistance to powdery mildew,stripe rust and leaf rust,and the disease grades were 3-4,2 and 2 respectively.There were 79.46%,83.69% and 84.29% plants susceptible to powdery mildew,stripe rust and leaf rust,and the disease grades were 5-8,3-4 and 3-4 respectively.Simultaneously,there were 15.11% plants showing resistance to both powdery mildew and stripe rust,there were 13.29% plants showing resistance to both powdery mildew and leaf rust,there were 9.67% plants showing resistance to both stripe rust and leaf rust,there were 8.76% plants showing resistance to all three kinds of diseases.Twenty-five QTLs related to yield traits and diseases resistance were explored by thirteen new developed SSR markers,they were involved in chromosomes 2A,4A,5A,1B,2B,3B,5D,6D and 7D,their additive effects were from -0.19 to 1.57,the contribution rates to phenotype were from 2% to 9%,maximum LOD score was 23.40,and there were QTL enrichment regions of yield-related traits and diseases resistance in 4A,5A,1B,3B,5D and 6D chromosomes.