地熊蜂在油用牡丹凤丹上的传粉生态学研究

Study of Pollination Ecology of Bumblebees on Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’

为了了解地熊蜂在凤丹牡丹上的访花行为特点,为进一步利用传粉蜂资源和提高凤丹牡丹产量奠定基础,采用目测、拍照和秒表计时等方法研究地熊蜂在凤丹牡丹上的访花行为。结果表明,地熊蜂在凤丹牡丹上的单次访花时间平均为(10.99±0.59)s。单次访花间隔时间平均为(6.25±0.17)s。单花访问时间较长,平均为(61.51±5.92)s。访花间隔时间平均为(10.27±0.65)s。地熊蜂平均每分钟访花(0.92±0.79)朵。访花量与上柱头量有极显著相关性。在晴朗天气,地熊蜂在6:30-6:40、温度为11.2~12.8℃时出巢活动,在8:30达到日活动高峰期。10:30以后,温度高于26.1℃时,地熊蜂访花不活跃,部分开始回巢。地熊蜂授粉的凤丹牡丹结籽率平均为(54.67±3.25)%,显著高于空白对照。地熊蜂为凤丹牡丹传粉能提高凤丹牡丹的结籽率。

To understand the characteristics of the visit behavior of bumblebee on Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan', and lay a foundation for further utilization of pollination bee resources and increasing of peony yield of Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan',visual observation,photo taking and stopwatch timing were used to determine the foraging behavior of bumblebees on Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan'.The results showed that the average single visit time of bumblebee on Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan' was (10.99±0.59)s.The average interval time of a single visit was (6.25±0.17)s.The time spent visiting a flower was longer, with an average of (61.51±5.92)s.The mean time between visits was (10.27±0.65)s.The average quantity of bumblebee visited flowers per minute was (0.92±0.79).There was significant correlation between pollination amount and visiting stigma amount.In the sunny weather, bumblebees began to visit flowers around 6:30- 6:40 in the morning,when the temperature was 11.2-12.8 ℃.It reached the peak of daily activities at 8:30.After 10:30,when the temperature was higher than 26.1 ℃,the bumblebee pollination was not active,and some started back to the nest.The average seed setting rate of peony pollinated by bumblebees was ( 54.67± 3.25 )%,higher than that of blank control.The pollination of bumblebees can improve the seed setting rate of Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan'.